Chapter 8: Identity & Self-Concept
What two factors define identity status in adolescence?
Exploration and Commitment
What parenting style is linked with high self-esteem and healthy identity development?
Authoritative parenting
What are the three types of autonomy in adolescence?
Emotional, Behavioral, Cognitive
At what age does susceptibility to peer pressure usually peak?
Around age 14
Define identity diffusion.
No exploration and no commitment to identity choices
What identity status is marked by both exploration and commitment?
Identity Achievement
What is agency in identity formation?
A sense of control over one’s life and future
What is emotional autonomy?
Becoming less emotionally dependent on parents
What is a key factor that increases adolescent risk-taking when peers are present?
Heightened sensitivity to social rewards
Define cognitive autonomy.
Forming independent beliefs, values, and opinions
What identity status involves making a commitment without exploration?
Identity Foreclosure
What does de-idealization mean during adolescence?
Realizing parents are not perfect and seeing them more realistically
What type of autonomy involves making decisions and acting on them independently?
Behavioral autonomy
What effect does authoritative parenting have on peer influence?
Reduces susceptibility to negative peer pressure
Define self-regulation.
Ability to control one’s behavior, emotions, and impulses
What is false-self behavior?
Intentionally presenting a false version of oneself to others
Name 3 traits from the five-factor personality model.
Any 3 of: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, Openness
What parenting style best fosters healthy autonomy?
Authoritative parenting
What is moral disengagement?
Justifying harmful behavior to avoid guilt
Define prosocial behavior.
Voluntary actions intended to benefit others
According to Erikson, what is the main developmental task of adolescence?
Resolving the identity vs. identity diffusion crisis
What is individuation?
The process of developing a personal identity while maintaining family relationships
What is psychological control?
A parenting behavior that manipulates teens' thoughts or emotions to control them
What skill helps adolescents make better decisions over time?
Improved impulse control and risk assessment
Define service learning.
Structured community service combined with reflection and learning goals