Alternative Facts
I could see from a mile away that they were going to break up.
What is intuition?
The goal of this type of research is used to add to the body of knowledge and deals with theoretical problems.
What is basic research?
For the following example, decide which level of IRB review it would go under:
A researcher is interested in study habits and grade point average.
What is Expedited Review?
Expedited Review: There is minimal risk to participants and no potentially risky manipulations or invasive procedures. Little to no emotional impact.
The minimal risk here is from the personal information risk from GPA alone, which while minimal, it is still a risk. This is why it would not be under exempt review.
An alternate version of a measure given at the same time; everything else must be equal to the original measure, including the content and number of questions, etc.
What is parallel forms reliability?
Watching humans/non-humans in natural habitats.
What is naturalistic observation?
On what scale are variables measured to do a Chi-Square test?
What is nominal scale?
In a frequency distribution, N is found by...
What is "adding up all the f values"?
Identify how the following two survey questions are biased:
When did you last use drugs?
What is loaded/assumption?
A z-score of -1.57 with a mean of 60 and standard deviation of 3 can be converted to an X-score of...
What is 55.29?
X = M + (Z-score)(SD)
X = 60 + (-1.57)(3)
X = 60 + (-4.71)
X = 55.29
Jesus loves me, because the bible says so.
What is authority?
This type of research examines applying a solution to practical problems.
What is applied research?
This principle deals with researchers obtaining informed consent from participants.
What is the principle of autonomy?
The average of all split-half reliabilities.
What is Cronbach's Alpha?
Trying to understand a group by joining it.
What is participant observational research?
The type of chi-square test when you have only ONE categorical variable.
What is Goodness-of-Fit?
I have a mean of 49.08. If each score is multiplied by a constant of 2, tell me what the new mean is.
What is 98.16?
I am in favor of more parking spots and better food at the Dining Hall.
What is double-barreling?
A raw score of 28 with a mean of 63 and a standard deviation of 9 can be converted to a Z-score of...
What is Z = -3.89?
Unless I see the Eiffel tower in person, then it does not exist.
What is naive empiricism? (Won't believe it until I see it).
A researcher uses this design to examine the IQ differences between young adults and middle-aged adults.
What is quasi-experimental design?
A researcher is interested in examining academic records of children who have been identified as having high levels of self-control. If this were to go through an IRB review, tell me the type of review it would go under.
What is Full Board Review?
While the data would be archival, there is still a risk of getting identifiable information, and we are also dealing with a special population: children.
Items on one half of the measure correlate with items on the other half of the measure.
What is split-half reliability?
(Remember to think of this as each item on the questionnaire is related to the overall construct that we hope to measure via the questionnaire).
The observation of behavior in settings that are arranged specifically for observing and recording behavior.
If I divide my column marginal frequency by N and then multiply that value by the row marginal frequency, I am computing this value.
What is frequency expected?
Using the ORIGINAL mean from the last question, tell me what the new mean is if the constant, 3, is added to each score.
What is 52.08?
When a participant keeps selecting the same response number on the scale.
What is a response set?
Using the following values below, compute the Sum of Squares, variance, and standard deviation.
X
5
8
9
4
What is...
SS = 17
Sample Variance = 5.67
Standard Deviation = 2.38
I know, thus far, that 4 students in this section of PSY 260 love Dr. Diliberto. Therefore, all students in this section love Dr. D.
What is induction?
(Go from a few specific instances of this being true to then making a generalized statement how this must apply to everyone or everything).
A researcher uses this design to see if hours of online browsing and overall GPA are related.
What is correlational design?
Some important aspects of informed consent.
What is...
Participants must know the potential risks of study/know the benefits of participating/are not pressured to give consent/and know of any compensation if possible.
A researcher is examining mood-regulation in children and wants to see how easily they get upset. To establish validity, one measure, a scale, is used to get a rating of their mood; and another measure is used to monitor their pulse rate (a physiological type of operational definition to define the construct of upsetness). Tell me the type of validity that is being used.
What is convergent validity?
If I wanted to infiltrate Berry WinShape to examine group behaviors by pretending I am interested in joining, identify the type of observational research this falls under and one major risk.
What is participant disguised? (Acting as one of them to infiltrate the group)
What is concerns of safety/concerns of reactivity/concerns of bias?
Generally, you should never conduct a chi-square test when your expected frequencies are less than this value.
What is 5?
If N = 400 and I have one frequency value of 26, tell me the relative frequency.
What is...
rf = f/N = 26/400 = 0.065
This is used to force participants to use the entire scale.
What is "using positive, negative, and alternately phrased statements"?
The measure of central tendency is best used when we have an open-ended distribution; and the type of graph that would best represent it.
What is the median?
What is a line graph?
One of the limitations to the method of tenacity.
What is belief perseverance?/What is accuracy?
In a study on self-control, participants were randomly assigned to an attention or emotion movie condition and at the same time were given access to unhealthy foods in the process as to see how much they would eat during the task. Identify the IVs and DVs if applicable.
What is...
IV: Self-control task
DV: Food consumption (this is a measure of self-control with how much each participant ate).
What is debriefing?
Know that debriefing goes over what the study was actually about and why participants were debriefed. This is supposed to help minimize the negative impacts of the study, convey the educational objective and goal of the study, justifying the deception used, and as an opportunity for participants to ask questions.
A test made up of 10 items has a reliability (r11) of .65. If the number of items on the test is changed to 15, the reliability of the new test improves from...
What is 0.74?
Work shown:
rkk = k(r11)/[1 + (k - 1) * r11]
rkk = 1.5 (0.65)/1 + (1.5 - 1) * 0.65
rkk = 0.975/1 + (0.5)(0.65)
rkk = 0.975/1 + 0.325
rkk = 0.975/1.325
rkk = 0.74
If I sit in on a classroom to observe the amount of disruptions that occur from specific children, identify the type of observational design this is and one major risk.
What is nonparticipant undisguised?
What is reactivity?
In terms of VARIABILITY, what do Phi Coefficient and Cramer's V measure? (Do not answer effect size).
What is the tendency for levels of one variable to be associated with levels of the other variable?
The skew for a distribution that has the Mean > Median > Mode.
What is a positive skew?
It is best to put demographic information questions at the...
What is "at the end of the survey"?
When the average value of a statistic does not equal the population parameter.
What is a biased statistic?
(Note that a biased statistic typically underestimates the actual population variance, which is why we say it is a biased statistic. A biased statistic is the SS/N, while the unbiased statistic has N-1 as the denominator to account for the bias).