Module 1
The image projected on the retina is best described as a
proximal stimulus
The blind spot is located where _____ leaves the eye.
the optic nerve
Neurons in the LGN have _____ receptive fields.
center-surround
True or False: The EBA is activated by pictures of bodies and parts of bodies.
True
The _____ decoder is intended to discriminate between different categories of images, such as outdoor scenes and portraits.
semantic
The only way to see, hear, taste, smell, and feel what you want to experience is by
activating sensory receptors
The three major parts of a neuron are
dendrites, cell body, and axon
A neuron with an excitatory center-inhibitory surround receptive field will respond most when we stimulate _____
only the center
The principle that specific functions are served by specific cortical areas is called
modularity
The _____ problem shows that numerous physical stimuli can create exactly the same image on the retina.
inverse projection
The smallest difference between two stimuli that enables us to tell the difference between them is called the
difference threshold
Jan tries to focus on the tip of her pencil as she brings it closer to her. She feels the strain on her eye as she does this. What she is feeling in her eye is due to the process called
accommodation
In Mach bands, the darker area sends _____ lateral inhibition to the lighter area than the lighter area sends to the darker area.
less
Zghsx#8j, a visitor from another planet, is curious about cars. She takes the battery out of the car, and finds out that the car won’t start and the lights and stereo don’t work. Her “research” is most closely related to the method called
ablation
Corey looks at a flock of seagulls flying in one direction, when suddenly, five of the seagulls start flying in another direction. He now perceives two groups of birds, because of the Gestalt principle of
common fate
Kimmy is casting shadows on the wall and watching whether her cat Tiger jumps at the shadows or not. She uses different hand motions to see if there is a difference in whether Tiger jumps or not. Kimmy is informally studying which relationship?
the stimulus-perception relationship
The rate of firing of the postsynaptic neuron depends on the amount of _____ input it receives from the presynaptic neuron.
both excitation and inhibition
Which cells fire to moving lines of a specific length or to moving corners or angles.
End-stopped
An electrode is placed in an orientation column that responds best to orientations of 45 degrees. The adjacent column of cells will probably best respond to orientations of
40 degrees
Jimmy looks at a picture of a side of a submarine that has dents and bumps on it. When he turns the picture upside-down, what he originally perceived as bumps, now look like dents, and vice versa. This is due to
the “light-from-above” assumption
Justin forgot to wear his glasses to class so the writing he sees on the chalk board is blurry. Even so, he is sure it says “Pop Quiz!” because he knows that there are pop quizzes in the class and he can read the “P” and the “Q”. What allows him to read the board?
top-down processing
Rods and cones synapse with _____ cells, which then synapse with ____ cells.
bipolar; ganglion
Which proposed representational system is the least likely to actually be in place in the human visual system?
specificity coding
After training participants on the recognition of “Greeble” stimuli, Gauthier et al. found that the neuron in the FFA responded
as well to Greebles as to human faces
Border ownership means that when figure-ground segregation occurs, the border between the figure and background ____
is perceived to be associated with the figure