ETHICS & REPORTING
These peer-reviewed articles describe single or multiple closely related studies are the kind that should be used as references for your research paper.
What are primary sources?
This is the degree to which the results of a study apply to individuals and realistic behaviors outside the study.
What is external validity?
These types of research questions ask about causes of behavior or test a theory about the cause of a behavior.
What is causal?
This variable is manipulated by the researcher such that the levels of the variable change across or within subjects in the experiment, and this type of variable is measured or observed.
What is independent variable and dependent (response) variable?
This type of research question asks about the presence of behavior, how frequently it is exhibited, or whether there is a relationship between different behaviors.
What is descriptive?
This allows researchers to define an abstract concept for measurement and data collection purposes.
What is an operational definition?
This is the degree to which a study provides causal information about behavior.
What is internal validity?
DOUBLE/TRIPLE BONUS
Name and define up to three measures of central tendency.
What are mean (the calculated average of the scores in a distribution), the median (the middle score in a distribution), and the mode (the most common score in a distribution)?
Participants chosen through this type of sampling are not randomly selected, and may not be most representative of the population, but they are more easily obtained.
What is convenience sampling?
This type of research question asks if one behavior can be predicted from another behavior to allow predictions of future behavior.
What is a predictive?
Name 2 data collection techniques.
What are naturalistic observation, systematic observation, surveys/questionnaires, archival data/secondary data analysis?
This is the degree to which the results of a study can be replicated under similar conditions.
What is reliability?
This term, which means that simpler explanations of behavior are more likely to be correct, is a canon of the scientific method.
What is parsimony?
This type of sampling chooses individuals at random from the population such that the chance of any one individual being selected is known and is the most likely to be representative of the population.
What is probability sampling (includes simple random sample, cluster sample, and stratified random sample)?
This is the effect of one independent variable depends on the levels of another independent variable.
What is an interaction effect?
DOUBLE/TRIPLE BONUS
Name one or up to all three principles established in the Belmont Report.
What are Respect for Persons, Beneficence, and Justice?
This type of research design examines the relationships between multiple dependent variables, without manipulating any of the variables.
What is a correlational study?
An instrument with this type of validity accurately measures the behavior it was designed to measure.
What is construct validity?
In this type of manipulation, each participant experiences all levels of the variable, whereas in this type of manipulation, each participant experiences only one level of the variable.
What are within-subjects and between-subjects?
In factorial designs, this is the term for the comparison of the mean scores for the levels of one independent variable.
What is main effect?
Name at least 2 criteria for IRB approval.
What are an appropriate risk/benefit ratio (risks minimized, potential benefits exist), fair and appropriate selection of participants, appropriate informed consent procedure, privacy and confidentiality protected by researchers, data safety monitoring done as needed, precautions for special populations.
An experiment or quasi-experiment of this design includes more than one independent variable.
What is factorial design?
DOUBLE/TRIPLE/QUADRUPLE BONUS
Name and provide an example of up to four scales of measurement.
What is nominal (non-ordered categories), ordinal (non-numerical, ordered categories), interval (equally spaced, numerical responses, not ratio, no true zero), ratio (equally spaced, numerical responses, values are ratios, true zero point)?
These extraneous factors may affect the results of a study.
What are confounding variables?
This type of error is a false positive, and this type is a false negative.
What is Type II and Type I?