Language
The smallest unit of sound in a language (no inherent meaning attached to this sound)
This type of bilingualism occurs when both languages are learned at the same time (since birth)
simultaneous bilingualism
A step-by-step procedure that guarantees a correct solution to a problem is called a(n) ________
algorithm
his psychologist developed the first intelligence test to help identify students who needed additional academic support.
Alfred Binet
This type of memory stores information for a very brief period, typically less than a second.
sensory memory
The set of rules that govern how words are combined into sentences
Syntax (or grammar)
This is the ability to maintain proficiency in your first language while learning a second language.
additive bilingualism
sequential bilingualism
Cognitive shortcuts that often lead to errors in decision-making, but saves time and cognitive resources
heuristics
This type of bias occurs when an intelligence test unfairly favors certain groups over others.
cultural bias
The term for the tendency to better remember items at the beginning and end of a list is this.
serial position effect
The theory that language shapes or influences the way we think is known as this hypothesis
linguistic relativity hypothesis
A ____ develops when people of two different language groups are in prolonged contact with one another and the language users of the two groups begin to share some vocabulary that is superimposed onto each group’s language use.
pidgin
This tendency to only use an object in the way it’s traditionally used is a barrier to problem-solving.
functional fixedness
The Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Theory breaks intelligence into these two main broad abilities.
fluid intelligence
crystallized intelligence
This effect shows that information learned in a similar environment to where it will be recalled is remembered better.
transfer appropriate processing
context-dependent memory
state-dependent memory
The brain region associated with language production is called _______
Broca's area
The argument about whether soft drinks should be called soda, pop or coke is best described as related to ____.
dialect
This heuristic involves judging the likelihood of an event based on how easily examples come to mind.
the availability heuristic
This term describes the phenomenon of rising IQ scores over time, observed globally.
What is the gap between the axons of one neuron and the dendrites of other neurons called?
a synapse
This language theory proposes that we have an innate system in our brain that is designed to learn grammatical rules with innate universal principles. In other words, any child can learn any language
Universal Grammar
This hypothesis posits that bilinguals activate words in their lexicon (i.e. mental dictionary) from both of their languages simultaneously, regardless of which is in use.
language non-selective access
This concept refers to the sudden realization of a solution to a problem.
insight
"When you feel stressed or upset, how often do you recognize and name the specific emotion you're experiencing?" (Always, often, sometimes, rarely, never)
--This question is measuring what type of intelligence?
emotional intelligence
Research on color naming in languages like Russian and English provides evidence for these two theories about how language shapes thought.
linguistic universals
linguistic relativity