Chapter 1-2
The term for which by simply naming something an instinct does not explain the behavior
What is nominal fallacy?
The term for a process in which the CS no longer reliably elicits a response.
What is extinction?
The three variables on the formula of Overmier and Lawry's Incentive Theory.
What is stimulus (S), mediator (M), and response (R)?
A theory of psychology proposed by Heider that inquires how does the average, or naïve person decide what are the causes of human behavior.
A psychology perspective that focuses on the persistent motive within individuals to become competent in dealing with the environment.
What is humanistic psychology/approach?
The name of a renowned psychologist who believed that instincts are similar to reflexes, are elicited by sensory stimuli, and occur blindly the first time.
What is William James?
The three steps of Bandura's Modeling Process in Observational Learning.
What is attention, retention and reproduction?
The process that reduces of the absolute level of stimulation to very low levels.
What is sensory deprivation?
The two primary factors of Attribution Theory
What is dispositions and (social) situation?
The term that according to Maslow, in order to reach self-actualization you must deprive yourself of lower needs.
What is deprivation motivation?
A style of analysis which proposes that we can understand behavior by looking at how people differ from each other, that is, by examining those properties that make each person unique.
What is idiographic approach?
An idea that the consequences of a response strengthen the connection between that response and some stimulus in the environment.
What is the law of effect?
A trait describing the tendency to seek novel, varied, complex and intense sensation and experiences and the willingness to take risks for the sake of such experiences
What is sensation seeking?
Refers to the effect that others have on helping a particular behavior(s).
What is social motivation?
The three basic needs according to the Self-Determination Theory by Ed Deci & Richard Ryan, in which it postulates that humans strive to satisfy those basic needs.
What is competence, relatedness, and autonomy?
A specialized branch of biology, is concerned with evolution, development, and function of behavior.
What is Ethology?
A stimulus that gains its reinforcing properties from several primary reinforcements with which it has been paired.
What is generalized conditioned reinforcers?
In Harlow's monkey experiment, researchers have found that baby monkey developed a strong attachment to the cloth mother as a result of the ___ provided.
What is contact comfort?
An attribution theory proposed by Kelley in which people make causal inferences to explain why other people and ourselves behave in a certain way.
What is Covariation Theory?
The five basic characteristics of a fully functioning individual according to Carl Rogers.
What is openness to experience, existential living, trust in one’s own organism, sense of freedom and creativity?
The attribution of human characteristics or behavior to a god, animal, or object.
What is Anthropomorphism?
Created toward a targeted behavior by pairing it with an unpleasant stimulus
What is learned aversion?
A concept that if a goal can influence behavior even before that goal is reached, then organisms must in some way come to anticipate the availability of the goal.
What is incentive motivation?
The three dimensions of past behaviors that are particularly relevant in deciding what type of attribution to make.
What is distinctiveness, consensus and consistency?
The three principles for understanding emotion in humans and animals according to Darwin.
What is serviceable associated habits, antithesis, and direct action from the nervous system?