Ch. 4 Memory
H.M. experienced "blank" amnesia, resulting in these specific memory deficits...
What is "Anterograde Amnesia," the difficulty in remembering events that occur AFTER the onset of amnesia?
Proposal that remembering depends on activating the same cues at retrieval that were originally encoded with the event
What is "Encoding Specificity (Tulving, 1973)?"
Schemas play critical role in perception by providing expectations and play similar role in memory; everything we know organized in a complex web of relations in LTM
Refers to the gradient category membership, or differences in how well specific instances represent a concept (no difference = object is very typical of the concept)
Typicality Effect
Providing narrative account of an event that never happened
What is "Confabulation?"
The 1st step in the multi-store model of memory
Remembering to take an action to be carried out in the future (class time, a date)
What is "Prospective Memory?"
Defense mechanism defined as "the preventing of unpleasant memories from entering consciousness"
What is "Repression?"
An abstract representation (words, sentences); Smallest unit of knowledge that be judged as true or false
What is "Proposition?"
The term for the process associated with how information is recovered from LTM
What is "Retrieval?"
1) Retention of verbal info
2) Rehearsing info by visualizing it in mind's eye
3) Storing representations that bind visual, spatial, and verbal codes with info held in LTM
What is the "Phonological Loop, Visual-Spatial Sketch Pad, and Episodic Buffer?"
BONUS POINTS: 300 Per Definition
Knowledge of events, facts, and concepts (knowing what) vs. skills and conditioned responses that reflect how to respond to the world (knowing how)
What is "Declarative Memory vs. Nondeclarative Memory?"
Result of hearing or reading a list of words that are semantically related to a falsely remembered word
What is "False Verbal Memory?"
Tendency to align shapes at the same latitude VS. Cognitive bias "straightening" single objects more vertically
What is "Alignment Heuristic" VS. "Rotation Heuristic"
Term for learning new material disrupts retention of old material
1) The memory loss for events that occurred BEFORE the onset of amnesia
2) Inability to recall memories from early childhood, typically before the age of 3 or 4
What is "Retrograde Amnesia" and "Infantile Amnesia?"
BONUS POINTS: 400 Per Definition
This produces better retention during studying
What is "Spaced Studying?"
Inferences and suppositions are made to conform new material to activated schemas
What is "Interpretation?"
Classification time of an item depends on the size of its category
What is "Category Effect Size"
The best way to improve learning (e.g., space time research)?
What is "Spacing Effect?"
Results from Sternberg's study using MEG revealed what about memory searches?
What is a "Serial, Self-Terminating Search?" or "Serial Exhaustive Search?"
Vivid recollection of some autobiographical event that carries strong emotional reaction (high distinctive event in LTM)
What is a "Flashbulb Memory?" (i.e. where were you when 9/11 happened?)
"Loss of detail" vs. "Embellishing and remembering details not stated"
What is the difference between "Leveling" and "Sharpening?"
When a mental object behaves like a physical object in a mental rotation task
What are "Analog Properties?"
Mind wandering to task-unrelated thoughts is likely occurring in Sx with...
What is "Low Working Memory" [Attentional Control]?"