Back to Basics
This type of stimulus is something which an organism enjoys and often is considered a reinforcer.
What is appetitive?
Pavlov was followed by this researcher who investigated emotional conditioning, such as with an unfortunate orphan named Albert.
Who was Watson?
When a consequence causes a behavior to increase, such a consequence is called this.
What is a reinforcement?
When punished, organisms may sometimes attempt to avoid punishment, in a response called this.
What is escape?
R+
What is positive reinforcer?
This is a complex set of behaviors an organism engages in in response to an environmental change.
What is a fixed action pattern?
This is the mathematical measure of conditioning's influence on an organism's behavior from its original pattern.
What is suppression ratio?
When reinforcement for a particular behavior stops suddenly, organisms are likely to engage in that same behavior with greater intensity in a phenomenon called this.
What is extinction burst?
What is a punisher?
CS
What is conditioned stimulus?
This measure of behavior tracks how much effort an organism uses when engages in the behavior, like how hard a rat presses a lever.
What is intensity?
In Pavlov's initial experiment in classical conditioning, this was the response he tracked.
What was salivation?
This researcher investigated operant conditioning using cats who escaped from boxes.
Who was Thorndike?
When punishment for a behavior stops, the behavior may return as a result of this eradication named phenomenon.
What is extinction?
SD
What a signal of reinforcement?
This is what, in an experiment, is controlled by the experimenters in order to manipulate an organism or participant's behavior.
What is an independent variable?
In this type of conditioning, the NS precedes the US, like in Pavlovs initial experiment, and it is very effective.
What is delayed conditioning?
In this particular set-up, an organism is free to engage in the reinforced behavior as many times as they want within a window of time (regardless of any reinforcement schedule they may have).
What is free-operant?
This is what we'd call a negative punishment if we only could use two letters and a mathematical sign.
What is SP-?
R
What is response?
In comparative design studies, this is the dependent variable of interest.
What is species?
When one part of a compound stimulus is easier for an organism to associate with the US, it is said to do this to the other parts of the compound stimulus.
What is overshadow?
While shaping is the formation of a single complex behavior, this type of conditioning causes organisms to perform many behaviors in a particular sequence.
What is chaining?
When one uses random rewards to make an undesirable behavior disappear, they are using this.
What is non-contingent reinforcement?
FD 10
What is Fixed Duration 10?