Motivation & Emotion
the body's process of adjusting and altering behaviors to keep at a balanced, desired state
What is homeostasis?
a decrease in reflexive response to a repeated, nonthreatening stimulus
What is habituation?
an automatic, unlearned response to stimulus
What is an unconditioned response?
the idea that people engage in activities they prefer, so using strongly reinforced behaviors can reinforce less preferred behaviors (eat your peas and then you get screen time)
What is the Premack Principle or Relativity Theory of Reinforcement?
Albert Bandura
Who created Social Learning Theory?
the part of the brain responsible for learning fear responses
What is the amygdala?
Ivan Pavlov
Who accidentally discovered "classical conditioning"?
the initial pairing of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus
What is acquisition?
action intended to stop or decrease a behavior
What is punishment?
What is observation?
Activity that showed whether or not children can delay gratification
What is the Marshmallow Experiment?
an organism's reflexive response to a same, repeated stimulus getting stronger
What is sensitization?
when an extinct behavior surprisingly appears again after a period of time
What is spontaneous recovery?
using advertising to pair neutral stimuli with unconditioned stimuli leading to conditioned stimuli in the customer
What is classical conditioning!?!
common term for mirror neurons
What is the concept of empathy (saying "I feel your pain")?
reaching goals and personal satisfaction relating to motivation
What is intrinsic motivation?
What is discrimination?
Example: flinch, salivate, blink
What is an unconditioned response?
Concept from E. Thorndike stating that behavior is a function of consequences. Positive outcomes will increase behavior, and bad outcomes will lessen behaviors.
What is the "law of effect"?
What is a variable-ratio schedule (very low predictability)?
single serving (USA being larger than that of other countries)
What is unit bias?
What is shaping?
The type of reinforcement that is evolutionary and needs to be passed through a person's genes
What are primary reinforcers?
an unethical research study with an 11 month old child and a white rat
the continuous reinforcement schedule
What is getting a reward every time a desired behavior occurs?