108 Intro
What is a Zeitgeist?
"spirit of the age" - dominant mood/thoughts of the time
True or False. Figure-Ground segregation is defined as grouping objects together based on how close they to one another
False. Figure-Ground segregation is the differientiation between objects/backgrounds based on the edges
In the computer analogy, this type of memory is the RAM.
Working memory
Focusing on the meaning of the words is called this level of processing.
Deep processing
What is the model that splits short-term processing into a central executive, two specific slave systems, and a component that integrates across modalities?
Working memory model
When solving an insight problem, what phenomena are you overcoming?
A Mental Set
What is the difference between sensation and perception?
Sensation: detecting events
Perception: Interpreting events
It is believed that the longer information is here, the more likely it is to transfer to LTM.
Short term memory
The missing dot paradigm showed that this type of memory is purely perceptual and very brief.
Sensory memory
People remembering words in a sentence better than words presented out of context is evidence of what?
Episodic buffer
Introspection is conscious examination of one's own mental state. What are the problems with this type of scientific analysis?
1. Different people get different results
2. Can't introspect on all processes
3. Introspections can be wrong
Is a letter more accurately recognized when presented inside a real word or inside a random string of letters?
Inside a word! The word superiority effect is the phenomenon where people are more likely to choose the correct letter when it is in the context of a word, rather than when it is isolated or in a non-word.
How does interference affect the recency effect in the serial position curve?
Less items were recalled. When a distraction was presented before recall, significantly less items from the list were recalled.
Morris, Bransford & Franks 1978, supported what theory about encoding and retrieval conditions?
Transfer appropriate processing. Quality of retrieval depends on a match between encoding and retrieval conditions.
A student is in a lecture listening to the professor, looking at the slides, and typing on their computer based on what they hear and see. In the working memory model, this component is the control system that manages attention and coordinates information flow.
Central Executive
What do behaviorists believe about internal representations? (yay or nay)
They believe they were beyond the scope of science. Exclusively focused on tangible, observation behavior
What is the difference between Change Blindness and Inattention Blindness?
Change blindness is the failure to notice a substantial alteration - due to some interruption/blockage. Inattention blindness is missing an object because your attention is elsewhere - due to distraction
After surgery to treat his epilepsy removed his hippocampus on both sides, HM could hold information briefly but could not transfer it into this type of memory.
Long term memory
Craik and Watkins showed that more repetitions didn’t improve memory for what type of processing?
Shallow processing
In Brooks’s experiment, imagining a block F while pointing to respond was harder than responding verbally, because both used this “slave system for vision.”
Visuospatial sketchpad
Tony listened to a new country song for the first. Normally, he doesn't listen to country music. While learning the words to the song, is Tony using bottom-up or top-down processing?
Bottom-Up Processing
A Musical Barbers pole is an illusion where the pitch seem to continually ascend, yet ultimately do not change. What is this illusion called?
Shepard Tone Illusion
Which part of the brain is activated when there is recall from LTM?
Hippocampus
Which part of the serial position curve is reduced when the word list is presented at a faster rate?
Primacy effect. The words spend less time in the STM buffer and have less opportunity for rehearsal and LTM transferring.