Correlation I
The type of numeric variable that must be used for both variables evaluated using correlation.
What is an equal-interval variable?
When calculating a Pearson correlation coefficient, raw scores for the X and Y variables must first be converted to these.
What are Z scores?
The name of the variable 'being predicted' in regression analyses.
What is the criterion variable?
Pearson devised the Chi-square test to handle analyses of these.
What are nominal (or categorical) variables?
These are placed within parenthesis in each cell of a Chi-square matrix.
What are expected frequencies?
The type of graph used for visualizing correlation data.
What is a scatter diagram (or plot)?
The reason that degrees of freedom for correlations is calculated by subtracting 2 from the population sample size.
What is two means (or two variables)?
The formal name for the formula used in regression analyses.
What is the linear prediction rule?
Type of Chi-square test employed when analyzing a single nominal variable.
What is a test for goodness of fit?
Values reported in the margins of each row and column of a Chi-square matrix represent these.
What are sums (or totals)?
The type of correlation that does not follow the general pattern of a line.
What is curvilinear?
It is common practice to use this type of test when determining the appropriate cutoff value during hypothesis testing for correlations.
What is a 2-tailed test?
The formula symbol for the predicted score on the criterion variable.
What is 'Y hat'?
Mismatch refers to the difference between these.
What are observed (O) and expected (E) frequencies?
In calculating the Chi-squared statistic, the squared differences are weighted according to this.
What is the (respective) expected frequency?
The slope of a line whose direction heads down and to the right denotes this type of correlation.
What is a negative correlation?
When hypothesis testing with correlations the null hypothesis assumes this value for 'r'.
What is r=0?
This formula component defines the slope of the regression line.
What is the regression coefficient or 'b'?
This is used to report a quantity for 'mismatch'.
What is the Chi-Square statistic?
In a 2x2 Chi-square matrix, each variable has two of these.
What are categories?
This is the result when one multiplies their Z score on one variable (X) by their Z score on another variable (Y).
What is a cross-product of Z scores?
The comparison distribution used when assessing whether a correlation coefficient is statistically significant.
What is a t distribution?
The 'best' linear prediction rule has the lowest possible value for this.
What is the 'sum of the squared errors'?
The name for the matrix of cells used for the Chi-square test for independence.
What is a contingency table?
The comparison distribution used for Chi-square tests.
What are Chi-square distributions?