Approaches to Personality
long-standing traits and patterns that make up how individuals think, feel, and act.
Personality
Our thoughts and feelings about ourself make up our _______.
Self-concept
Type of test that relies on projection.
Projective testing
Highlighting is referred to as this term
Low utility
Hans Seyle came up with this three stage system to describe the affects off stress
What is the General Adaptation Syndrome?
Mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress,
What is coping?
This is the condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
Psychological disorder
This is the fear of heights
Acrophobia
The depressive disorder most common during lowlight months
Seasonal Pattern Depression
There are ____ clusters of personality disorders.
Three
Most controversial and misunderstood psychological theorist.
Sigmund Freud
State of being in which our real self and ideal self are similar to each other.
Congruence
A type of projective test that asks patients to describe a story based off of ambiguous pictures.
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
After reviewing research on highlighting, “In most situations that have been examined and with most participants...
"highlighting does little to boost performance"
Judgment of options available to cope with a stressor and their potential effectiveness
Secondary Appraisal
These our beliefs about our personal capacity to exert influence over and shape outcomes
Perceived control
This is the study of psychological disorders, including their symptoms and treatment. It may also refer to as the manifestation of a psychological disorder.
Psychopathology
This is characterized as having intrusive, unwanted thoughts, and compulsions that are difficult to control
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
The thought that depression is triggered by negative thoughts, interpretations, self-evaluations, and expectations
Cognitive Theory of Depression
______ is a childhood disorder characterized by inattentiveness and/or hyperactive, impulsive behavior.
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
When the ego is seeking to restore balance between the id and super ego the protective measure known as ___ ___ is used.
Defense mechanisms
The most popular personality test with the most accurate approximation of basic trait dimensions.
Five Factor Model
The relationship between experimental results and the ability to predict people's behavior in certain situations.
Predictive validity
Highlighting has been shown to harm students’ performance on these types of problems, like questions that require students to make inferences.
Higher-level thinking problems
This is a tendency to experience distressed emotional states that involve anger, contempt, disgust, guilt, fear, and nervousness
Negative affectivity
Martin Seligman coined this term to describe who do not believe they have control over events in their life anymore
Learned helplessness
This is when two or more disorders present themselves simultaneously.
Comorbidity
This happens when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response which is at first elicited by the second stimulus, and is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone
Classical conditioning
Mandy has experienced two or more separated personalities, and experiences gaps of memory during periods of personality splits what disorder is Mandy exhibiting symptoms of?
Dissociative Identity Disorder
____ is a childhood disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
This is the name of Freud's divisive theory of development.
Psychosexual Stages of Development
When people move to a region that is compatible to their own personality.
Selective migration
Projective test that is similar to a word association test in which a person completes sentences in order to reveal the person's unconscious desires, fears, and struggles
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Students should use their limited studying on this high utility technique
Practice Tests
This hormone activates the adrenal glands to secrete cortisol into the bloodstream
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
This is a significant stressor for marginalized groups, both mentally and physically
What is discrimination?
___ is classified under cluster B personality disorder, it is characterized by a life-long pattern of exaggerated feelings of self-importance, excessive need for admiration, and a lack of empathy.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD)
This occurs when an individual begins experiencing shortness of breath, nausea, a faster heart rate, dizziness, a possible choking sensation, and a fear of losing control or dying
Panic attack
Martin is a 20-year-old individual experiencing hallucinations, delusions, abnormal motor behaviors, and disjointed thoughts. He might be suffering from
schizophrenic disorder
This disorder is characterized by instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, intolerance of being alone, and fear of abandonment. What is the Disorder?
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)
School of psychology that focuses on our drive to compensate for feelings of inferiority.
Individual Psychology
The C in OCEAN stands for ______.
Conscientiousness
The relationship between traits that are similar to the trait being measured.
Convergent validity
This is the exception to the rule of highlighting and how it can improve learning (two parts)
- highlight and assigned highlighting practice
- then given feedback on the quality of their highlighting
What 3 demographical groups report experiencing a greater number of traumatic events than do women, Whites, and individuals in higher SES groups
Men, non-Whites, and individuals in lower socioeconomic status (SES) groups
This is a stress-reduction technique using electronic equipment to measure a person’s involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity
What is biofeedback?
The diathesis-stress model presumes that psychopathology stems from _______
Vulnerability and adverse experiences
This is when someone experiences a traumatic event and begins having symptoms after, such as flashbacks, distress, avoidance of the stimuli, feelings of detachment from others, and irritability. Must last at least a month
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Researchers willingly admitted themselves into psychiatric hospitals with complaints of hallucinations, all were diagnosed with schizophrenia, and after the study hospital staff admitted they had no idea they had imposters admitted. What study was this?
Rosenahn Study
This disorder is characterized by a lack of regard for others’ rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds. What is the disorder?
Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)