Chapter 1: Personality
This concept refers to enduring characteristics manifested in patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behavior that may change in response to different situations.
What is Personality?
According to Freud, this is part of the mind is considered the personality.
What is the ego?
According to Jung, this principle suggests opposing processes or tendencies is necessary to generate psychic energy.
What is the Opposition principle?
According to Adler, this is the source of all our motivations to strive for better.
What is Inferiority?
According to Horney, this is the most important things for a healthy childhood development.
What is Safety Needs?
According to Allport, ______ provides the raw materials for the ______ to shape and influence our personality.
What is Heredity and Environment?
This field of psychology studies the differences, similarities, and universal variations of people from different ethnic backgrounds.
What is Cross-Cultural Psychology?
Freud says this part of the mind operates on the pleasure principle.
What is the Id?
This principle suggests psychic energy is transferred but never lost. When we lose interest in one thing we may develop interest in another thing that we direct more energy towards.
What is the Equivalence Principle?
We develop a ______ complex when we feel less capable or competent as other people.
Reasons a child may repress their hostility towards their parents include fear of punishment, losing love from the parents, or this.
What is Guilt?
These two distinct personalities are considered to be discontinuous from one another in Allport's theory.
What is childhood and adulthood personality?
______ is the term for cultures that prioritizes personal interests and relationships over that of the group or community.
What is Individualistic?
This concept refers to the psychological influences of our behavior, feelings, and thought processes that we are unaware of?
What is the unconscious?
According to Jung, this trait would describe someone as self-oriented, shy, and self-focused.
What is Introversion?
Causes for an inferiority complex include organic inferiority or weakness of the body, spoiling or pampering a child too much, and ______, or rejecting a child.
What is Neglect?
According to Horney, ______ is the foundation for neurosis that can lead to feelings of helplessness and loneliness.
What is Basic Anxiety?
______ traits are dispositions unique to a person while ______ can be found among a group of people who share similar social-cultural environments.
What are Individual and Common traits?
This concept refers to the tendency to promote oneself aggressively by engaging in behaviors that make one appear to have more positive traits or maintain unrealistic positive views of oneself.
What is Self-Enhancement?
Analogously, Freud says this part of the mind is the top of the iceberg floating above the water.
What is the conscious?
The MBTI, is a personality test that means this.
What is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator?
Exaggerating how much money you make to feel important, powerful, and competent, is an example of this.
What is Superiority Complex?
This self-protected measure is best manifested by the phrase, "If you love me, you would not hurt me."
What is Securing Affection?
According to Allport these three traits reflect different intensity or significance in our personality.
What is Cardinal, Central, and Secondary Traits?
Marrying someone who gets along with your family over someone you love but your family disproves of, is an example that reflects this cultural concept.
What is Collectivism?
Preying on your unconsciousness, showing drinks and snacks before the start of a movie is an example of this type of advertising?
What is Subliminal Advertising?
This concept refers to a reservoir of material that was once conscious but has been forgotten or suppressed because it was disturbing or trivial.
What is Personal Unconsciousness?
According to Adler, this personality type is dominant and controlling with little social awareness.
What is the Dominant Type?
Complying to avoid confrontational anxiety is this type of self-protective behavior.
What is Being Submissive?
This type of autonomy is unique to each individuals values, self-image, and lifestyle. It is the equivalent of Freuds concept of the ego.
What is Proprium Functional?
Tests that measure what they are intended to measure, is said to have this.
What is validity?
People often experience this feeling when their ego is threatened or under attack.
What is anxiety?
This term refers to patterns of emotions, memories, perceptions, and wishes organized around a common theme that influences behavior and thought processes.
What are Complexes?
This personality type expects to receive satisfaction from others.
What is the Getting Type?
This self-protective mechanism suggest people wanting to be independent to avoid relying on people to satisfy their internal and external needs.
What is Withdrawing?
This organizing principle of motivation refers to the level in which one chooses to satisfy their motives.
What is Mastery and Competence?
Tests that produce consistent results, are said to be this.
What is reliable?
This type of anxiety is experienced when the id and ego come into conflict.
What is Neurotic Anxiety?
Collective unconsciousness, or universal experiences shared by all people, repeated by all generations, and stored in our human psyche is also know as this.
What is Archetypes?
This personality type makes no attempt to face life's problems and chooses to run away from them.
What is Avoidant Type?
This term refers to irrational defenses that becomes permanently part of our personality.
What is Neurotic Needs?
This is the most important component to a healthy developing proprium as it is the source for affection and security according to Allport.
What is Infant-Mother Bond?
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, is an example of this type of method used to collect data.
What is Self-Reports?
This anxiety is experienced when the id and superego come into conflict.
What is Moral Anxiety?
This archetype refers to the mask everyone wears to display various role to the public.
What is the Persona?
This personality type is cooperative with others and acts in accordance with their needs.
What is the Socially Useful Type?
An indiscriminate need to win at all cost or stay ahead of others is called ______ ______.
What is Neurotic Competitiveness?
Allport's criteria for a healthy adult personality includes extending our sense of self, relating warmly to others, accepting oneself, having a sense of humor, holding realistic perspectives about the world, and this.
What is a guiding philosophy?
Rorschach's Inkblot Test and the Thematic Apperception Test, are examples of these types of tests.
What are Projective Tests?
Saying, "I never did that!" when in fact you did, is an example of this type of defense mechanism?
What is Denial?
This archetype refers to the level of masculine and feminine aspects of a person.
What is Anima and Animus?
According to Jung, higher levels of this, leads to less stress, depression, anxiety, and hostility compared to people low on this.
What is Social interest?
Having very high standards to reach an ideal version of perfection reflects this type of competitiveness.
What is Hyper competitiveness?
Personal values are the basis to a guiding unifying philosophy. This value is concerned with discovering truth by intellectual, rational, and empirical means.
What is Theoretical Values?
This form of assessment involves interviews about a persons past and present life experiences as well as social and family relationships and reasons for seeking psychological help.
What are Clinical Interviews?
Trying to explain or justify your wrong doings or decision makings, is a manifestation of this defense mechanism.
What is rationalization?
This archetype refers to the dark, selfish, immoral impulsive desires of people.
What is The Shadow?
People with this type of competitiveness are less resilient to and see more discrepancies between their performance and high standards for perfection.
What is Anxiety-Driven-Competition-Avoidance?
Personal values are the basis to a guiding unifying philosophy. This value is concerned with being useful, practical, and purposeful.
What is Economic Values?
This method of data collection involves an in-depth detailed analysis of a person from multiple sources of their lives.
What is Case Studies?
Attributing problematic impulses to someone else is a reflection of this type of defense mechanism?
What is Projection?
______ involves developing into your true self and fulfilling your greatest capacities for self-fulfillment.
What is Individuation?
Trying to be perfect or the best or do what we ought to so all the time is a terrifying unattainable idea Horney refers to as this.
What is The Tyranny of the Shoulds?
Personal values are the basis to a guiding unifying philosophy. This value is concerned with human relationships, altruism, and philanthropy.
What is Social Values?
This method of data collection tests for cause and effect.
What is Experimental Methods?
This defense mechanism redirects threatening or unacceptable emotions, from their true, anxiety-provoking source to a safer, less threatening target or object.
What is Displacement?
To reach self-fulfillment, Jung says we must overcome this archetype by being comfortable with who we truly are and accept our genuine self.
What is Dethrone the Persona?
Personal values are the basis to a guiding unifying philosophy. This value is concerned with power, influence, and prestige.
What is Political Values?
This type of method analyzes the relationship between two or more variables.
What is correlational methods?
"I would like to spank all teachers, I apologize, I meant thank all teachers." Is an example of this.
What is a Freudian Slip?
According to Allport, ______ behaviors have no direct intended meaning or purpose but ______ behaviors do.
What is Expressive and Coping?
This scientific term provides a framework to describe and explain the process of a phenomena with organized evidence and scientific principles.
What is a Theory?
This method of unconscious exploration involves sharing whatever comes to mind when prompted by a psychologist.
What is Free Association?
Refusing to speak or speaking minimally about a painful memory or uncomfortable topic is known as this.
What is Resisting?