Research Methods
History of Psychology
Intelligence
Motivation and Emotion
Lifespan Development
100
What is a dependent variable?
A variable that the researcher measures to see how much effect the independent variable had
100
What is Behaviorism?
The approach of observing and controlling behavior
100
What is fluid and crystallized intelligence?
Fluid intelligence: Ability to see complex relationships and solve problems
Crystallized intelligence: Accumulation of information, skills, and strategies that people learn through experience.
100
What are the 6 basic emotions?
Happiness, sadness, fear, anger, disgust, and surprise
100
What is Gerontology?
The scientific study of the biological, psychological, and sociological phenomena associated with old age and aging
200
What is naturalistic observation?
Observing behavior in its natural setting.
200
Structuralism vs. Functionalism?
Structuralism: Understanding the conscious experience through introspection
Functionalism: Focused on how mental activities helped an organism adapt to its environment
200
How do intelligence tests measure IQ?
Bell curve score.
200
What is the difference between Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivation?
200
Blooming vs. pruning?
Blooming: Neural pathways form thousands of new connections during infancy and toddlerhood.
Pruning: Neural connections are reduced during childhood and adolescence to allow the brain to function more efficiently.
300
What is experimental research?
A method for acquiring knowledge based on observation, including experimentation, rather than a method based only on forms of logical argument or previous authorities.
300
What is Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Physiological, Security, Social, Esteem, Self-actualization
300
What is emotional intelligence? Provide an example.
The ability to understand emotions and motivations in yourself and others
300
Emotion regulation vs. Emotional self-efficacy
Emotion regulation: Any effort to modify an emotional experience (positive or negative)
Emotional self-efficacy: Feeling of being in control of one’s emotional experience
300
What are the two primary newborn reflexes?
Rooting reflex: baby turns its head towards something that touches its cheek
Grasping reflex: cling to objects placed in hands
400
What is the difference between correlational and causation?
Correlation: Relationship between two variables.
Causation: One variable directly influences/effects a separate variable.
400
Which psychologist supported structuralism? Which psychologist supported functionalism?
Structuralism: Wilhelm Wundt
Functionalism: William James
400
What is practical intelligence? Provide an example.
aka “street smarts”
400
What are the four theories of emotion?
1. James-Lange Theory
2. Cannon-Bard Theory
3. Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory
4. Lazarus’s Cognitive-Mediational Theory
400
What are the four attachment styles?
Secure, insecure-avoidant, insecure-resistant, disorganized
500
What is considered a strong correlation?
Being closer to +1 or -1.
500
What is humanism? Who are the two primary humanistic psychologists?
Humanism is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.
Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers.
500
What is information processing? Provide an example.
How people store material in memory and use that material to navigate and solve tasks.
500
What is the role of the amygdala and hippocampus?
Amygdala: plays a role in processing emotional information
Hippocampus: integrates emotional experience with cognition
500
What did Piaget's theories of developmental stages propose?
He proposed a theory of cognitive development that unfolds in four stages throughout childhood: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational