Personality
What are the five traits in the Big Five personality factors?
Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism
(O.C.E.A.N.)
Standard measures used to assess behaviors objectively are known as what?
Psychological Tests
What term describes a change in behavior that occurs in response to direct commands from an authority figure, as demonstrated in Stanley Milgram’s 1963 study?
Obedience
What term is used to describe when we lack a sense of control or express feelings of powerlessness for events that happen in our lives?
Learned Helplessness
This subfield investigates the psychological factors related to wellness and illness, including the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of medical problems
Health Psychology
According to Allport’s Trait Theory, what types of traits direct most of a person’s activities?
Cardinal Traits
Seville recently experienced a significant barrier in life that mildly impacted her daily functioning because she had a network of people who cared and were interested in her well-being. Having a network of caring and interested people is known as what?
Social Support
When a large crowd witnesses someone collapse in public, but no one steps forward to help because everyone assumes someone else will. This is an example of?
Diffusion of Responsibility
Flor is someone who has two contradicting attitudes towards smoking. What is the term used to describe a person who holds conflicting thoughts regarding their behavior?
Cognitive Dissonance
What are the categories of stress?
Cataclysmic, Personal, Background stressors/daily hassle
According to Freud’s psychoanalytic approach, this part of personality is known as the “pleasure principle” and represents primitive drives or urges.
Id
Name the approach that states that personality is a collection of learned behavior patterns
Behaviorist
What are the four common types of compliance techniques?
Foot-in-the-door, Door-in-the-face, That’s-not-all, and Not-so-free sample techniques
To change Sophie’s attitudes about a topic, what are three factors we should consider?
Message source; Characteristics of the message; Characteristics of the target
What are the different categories of coping?
Emotion focused-coping, Seeking social support, Problem-focused coping, Avoidant coping
This type of approach to personality emphasizes the importance of people’s goodness and their tendency to progress to higher levels of functioning.
Humanistic
Joseph is an active athlete and always gets stressed before a game. However, he views this as a good kind of stress that motivates him. What is the name of this type of stress?
Eustress
When someone cuts you off in traffic and you immediately think, “What a rude person!” instead of considering that they might be rushing to the hospital, what type of bias does this illustrate?
Fundamental Attribution Bias
A state of self-fulfillment in which people realize their highest potential
Self-actualization
List the two primary appraisals of stress, and the two secondary appraisals of stress
Primary: Challenge and threat;
Secondary: Effective options and ineffective options
The Rorschach test and TAT (Thematic Apperception Test) are what types of personality assessments?
Projective Personality Tests
According to the textbook, _____________ culture focuses on individual achievement while _____________ culture focuses on communal relationships with others.
Individualistic; Collectivistic
Based on the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion, the _______ route is logic driven and uses facts to convince people of an argument’s worthiness, whereas ______ route is an indirect route that uses peripheral cues to associate positivity with the message.
Central; Peripheral
This test uses distinct inkblots with no specific designs, categorized by color, ranging from black to multicolored pastel shades. Psychologists analyze the responses to gauge an individual's personality and thought processes. Name the test.
Rorschach Test
What are the consequences of stress? Give an example from each category highlighted in the lecture and discussion section.
Direct physiological effects; Harmful behaviors; Indirect health-related behaviors