Psychological Disorders!
What makes something a mental illness?
a. dysfunction, deviance, disobedience
b. dysfunction, distress, deviance
c. dysfunction, distress, discomfort
b. The three D's: dysfunction, distress, deviance.
People who have depression often feel diminished interest or pleasure in activities. What term refers to this feeling?
a. Indecisiveness
c. Discourage
d. Anhedonia
d. Anhedonia
During a group project presentation, Sarah forgets her lines and stumbles through her part. Later, she tells her group, "The presentation went poorly because I'm just not a good public speaker." Is this an internal or external attribution for the presentation's outcome?
a) Internal attribution
b) External attribution
a) Internal attribution
____ are the receptors for light and ____ are the receptors for color:
a) Cones; Rods
b) Rods; Cones
b) Rods; Cones
Someone is feeling depressed and their doctor prescribes an SSRI medication. SSRIs are thought to work by affecting levels of certain chemicals in the brain. What is the primary effect of SSRIs on these chemicals?
a) Inhibit the reuptake of serotonin by neurons, leading to more serotonin available.
b) They directly replace depleted chemicals in the brain.
c) They significantly decrease the levels of all neurotransmitters.
a) Inhibit the reuptake of serotonin by neurons, leading to more serotonin available.
Which of the following is the BEST explanation for why someone might develop a mental disorder according to the diathesis-stress model?
a) They experience a significant amount of stress in their life.
b) They have a genetic vulnerability to the disorder.
c) They have a combination of a genetic vulnerability and experience stress.
c) They have a combination of a genetic vulnerability and experience stress.
True or False: Everyone who’s had a panic attack has panic disorder?
a. True
b. False
b. False
The Milgram Shock Experiment investigated obedience to authority. Why were participants more likely to deliver shocks when the "learner" was in a different room?
a) They felt less responsible for the learner's pain.
b) The experiment seemed more scientific.
c) They were more focused on following instructions.
a) They felt less responsible for the learner's pain.
A researcher conducts a study on the effectiveness of a new anti-anxiety medication in a controlled lab setting. The participants are all healthy college students. This is most likely a threat to:
a) Internal validity because the researcher might be biased in favor of the medication.
b) External validity because the results might not generalize to people with severe anxiety or other populations.
c) Construct validity because the medication might not actually reduce anxiety.
b) External validity because the results might not generalize to people with severe anxiety or other populations.
You've already paid $20 for a movie ticket and bought popcorn for $5. The movie has terrible reviews and you're worried you won't enjoy it. But you stay and watch the movie since you've already paid for it. This is an example of:
(a) Anchor effect
(b) Sunk Cost Effect
(c) Affect Heuristic
(b) Sunk Cost Effect
Someone with OCD has a fear of contamination and washes their hands repeatedly throughout the day. In ERP therapy, the therapist might gradually expose the person to situations that trigger their fear of germs, such as touching a public doorknob. The therapist would most likely also encourage the person to:
a) Resist the urge to wash their hands after touching the doorknob.
b) Wash their hands immediately after touching the doorknob.
c) Avoid touching public doorknobs altogether.
a) Resist the urge to wash their hands after touching the doorknob.
Bipolar disorder is a mental illness characterized by extreme mood swings. Which of the following best describes the mood episodes experienced in bipolar disorder?
a) Frequent, short-lived periods of mild sadness or happiness.
b) Long-lasting episodes of intense sadness or hopelessness only.
c) Long-lasting episodes of extreme elation or irritability (manic episodes), typically followed by periods of normal mood or depression.
c) Long-lasting episodes of extreme elation or irritability (manic episodes), typically followed by periods of normal mood or depression.
Imagine you're walking home from school. You see someone trip and fall on their skateboard in the middle of the sidewalk. They seem hurt and are clutching their ankle. Several other people are walking by on the sidewalk and street. What is most likely to happen in this situation?
a) Everyone will rush over to help the injured person.
b) No one will stop to help, and everyone will continue walking by.
c) Someone might stop to help, while others might just keep walking.
c) Someone might stop to help, while others might just keep walking.
You stare at a bright red circle on a white background for 30 seconds, then look at a blank white wall. You see a greenish afterimage. What does this phenomenon best illustrate?
a) Sensory adaptation: Your eyes become less sensitive to red after prolonged exposure.
b) Opponent-process theory: Staring at red fatigues the "red" processing cells, leading to a perception of the opponent color (green).
c) Color constancy: Your brain adjusts the perceived color to compensate for the background.
b) Opponent-process theory: Staring at red fatigues the "red" processing cells, leading to a perception of the opponent color (green).
Which theory of intelligence best describes the idea that someone can be good at math but struggle with social situations?
a) Intelligence is a general underlying ability across many tasks.
b) Intelligence is modular; there are different "kinds" of intelligence, each of which you can be uniquely good at.
c) Crystallized intelligence, which is based on knowledge and experience
b) Intelligence is modular; there are different "kinds" of intelligence, each of which you can be uniquely good at.
Someone with OCD has intrusive thoughts about germs and spends a significant amount of time washing their hands every time they touch something potentially dirty. These handwashing behaviors are most likely caused by the person's:
a) Dislike of germs
b) Desire for cleanliness
c) Need to reduce anxiety caused by intrusive thoughts
c) Need to reduce anxiety caused by intrusive thoughts
There a 3 different distorted beliefs, label each of these thoughts with either of the following:
Catastrophizing/fortune telling, Mind reading All-or-nothing
- "I’m never going to get a good grade on an exam"
- "I have no friends; I'm such a loser"
- "My teacher didn’t say ‘nice job’ at the
end of my presentation. He must have
thought it was dumb"
Catastrophizing/Fortune Telling: "I’m never going to get a good grade on an exam"
All-or-nothing: "I have no friends; I'm such a loser"
Mind Reading: "My teacher didn’t say ‘nice job’ at the end of my presentation. He must have thought it was dumb"
A friend tells you they're stressed about an upcoming exam. They admit studying might help, but they keep putting it off and spend most of their time watching TV. This situation describes which concept?
a) Goal setting and procrastination
b) Cognitive dissonance and rationalization
c) Time management and decision fatigue
b) Cognitive dissonance and rationalization
Barry reports that throughout the day he collapses and falls asleep. He notes he can't control these sleep attacks. What is Barry most likely suffering from?
a) Insomnia
b) Narcolepsy
c) Sleep Apnea
b) Narcolepsy
Marco is going on a hike when he sees a big snake, his heart starts racing, and all he can think about is how the snake may bite her, and he is feeling really scared. What theory is being explained here?*
a) Dimensional Emotions Approach
b) Schachter Singer Theory
c) Shaky Bridge Theory
b) Schachter Singer Theory
You perform a calming activity (like deep breathing) when feeling anxious. This calms you down, making you feel less anxious. As a result, you're more likely to perform this calming activity again in the future when feeling anxious. This describes which of the following?
a) Relief loop
b) Negative reinforcement loop
c) Positive reinforcement loop
a) Relief loop
Imagine someone experiencing intense anxiety before giving presentations at work. To avoid this anxiety, they start declining opportunities to present. This avoidance, in turn, makes them even more anxious about presenting in the future. What is this cycle called?
a) Social anxiety feedback loop
b) Avoidance anxiety loop
c) Performance anxiety loop
b) Avoidance anxiety loop
Social Interaction: A group of friends is planning a weekend getaway. One friend is introverted and enjoys quieter activities, while the others are extroverted and prefer loud social gatherings. How might implicit bias related to introversion affect the planning process?
a) The friends might plan activities that cater solely to the introverted friend's comfort level.
b) The introverted friend might feel pressured to participate in activities that drain their energy.
c) The extroverted friends might unintentionally dominate the conversation and disregard the introverted friend's preferences.
c) The extroverted friends might unintentionally dominate the conversation and disregard the introverted friend's preferences.
A researcher conditions a rat to fear a loud buzzer (conditioned stimulus, CS) by pairing it with a mild electric shock (unconditioned stimulus, US). After several pairings, the rat shows fear (conditioned response, CR) when the buzzer sounds. The researcher then introduces a high-pitched tone that the rat has never encountered before. The rat also displays signs of fear in response to the tone. This is most likely an example of:
a) Extinction: The fear response is weakening due to a lack of reinforcement.
b) Spontaneous recovery: The fear response reappears after a period of extinction.
c) Stimulus generalization: The fear response is being elicited by a similar but novel stimulus.
c) Stimulus generalization: The fear response is being elicited by a similar but novel stimulus.
______ tells is that we are hungry or full
a) heart
b) hippocampus
c) hypothalamus
c) hypothalamus
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder with symptoms like delusions and hallucinations. What can we infer about the role of dopamine in schizophrenia?
a) Schizophrenia is caused by an overall deficiency in dopamine.
b) Schizophrenia is caused by an overactive dopamine system in all brain regions.
c) Schizophrenia may be related to a dopamine imbalance in specific brain regions.
c) Schizophrenia may be related to an overactive dopamine system.
A client in therapy feels comfortable talking openly with their therapist and believes the therapist understands their struggles. The client is also confident that by working together, they can make progress on their goals. What is this positive connection between the client and therapist most likely called?
a) Treatment plan collaboration
b) Emotional disclosure
c) Therapeutic alliance
c) Therapeutic alliance
As a way to differentiate between terms, a stereotype is a(n) _____ ;prejudice as a(n) ______ ; and discrimination is a(n) _______ .
a) attitude; belief; behavior
b) behavior; belief; attitude
c) belief; behavior; attitude
E. belief; attitude; behavior
c) belief; behavior; attitude
You're studying for a big exam and feeling overwhelmed. Your heart starts racing, your breathing quickens, and you feel a surge of anxiety. Which part of your brain is most likely responsible for this immediate emotional response?
a) Hippocampus: This area is crucial for memory formation, not initial emotional processing.
b) Amygdala: This structure plays a key role in processing emotions like fear and anxiety.
c) Thalamus: The thalamus acts as a relay center, sending signals to other brain regions but doesn't directly generate emotions.
b) Amygdala: This structure plays a key role in processing emotions like fear and anxiety.
The brain connects with the body under
stress through two different axes. You are asked to summarize chapter 10 for the whole class right now. Which axis is activated?*
a) SAM axis
b) BPP axis
c) HPA axis
a) SAM axis