Motivation
Clark Hull's theory says that physiological imbalances lead to psychological these, which motivate us to act in a way that corrects these imbalances.
What are drives?
Human beings are biologically programmed to be able to easily perceive emotions from these - you need this to differentiate the person who's happy to see you from that person who hates your guts!
What are facial expressions?
In Pavlov's original classical conditioning paradigm, this served as the unconditional stimulus for the dog.
What is the food?
You get a pack of Pokemon cards in PSYC 1001 for participating in class and answering a question correctly, demonstrating this type of operant conditioning.
What is positive reinforcement?
Paul Ekman was a consultant on this film about our feelings, giving it the Scientifically Valid Stamp of Approval.
What is Inside Out?
Of the two kinds of motivation we talked about, it's the one that leads to greater persistence in the face of challenges.
What is intrinsic motivation?
This basic emotion tries to keep us alive by recognizing stimuli in our environment as poisonous, contaminated, or otherwise harmful and encouraging us to get away from them.
What is disgust?
Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are both types of this type of learning, in which one learns that a stimulus corresponds with another stimulus or with a positive/negative outcome.
What is associative learning?
This term describes the process of reinforcing successive approximations of a target behavior - in other words, you first reward your dog for sitting, then reward him for lying down, then reward him for rolling over.
What is shaping?
I secretly conditioned our class to do this over the course of the first 12 weeks of class.
What is raise four fingers in response to asking "How many research credits do you need?"
(I'll also accept "experience fear at the sight of large stacks of white paper in my leather folio.")
Self-actualization is the final level at the top of this pyramid-shaped way of understanding what motivates our behavior.
What is Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Emotions are known to be a mix of several factors: Behaviors or emotional expressions, our subjective experience of an emotion (pleasant or unpleasant), and this.
What is physiological arousal?
Steve becomes conditioned to look for his phone where he hears it buzz, as he knows he has an incoming message. However, he also begins to look for his phone where he hears his dishwasher running or his roommate turn on his electric razor, illustrating this concept in classical conditioning.
What is stimulus generalization?
What is fixed ratio?
Despite their questionable ethical history, Dr. Kremyar still goes to this theme park chain because of their great roller coasters and ample opportunities to see shaping in action.
Tina works at the local pizza shop and spends a shift doing nothing but folding pizza boxes (i.e., a simple task). While working on this task, her psychological arousal is high - she's had some coffee, there's a great playlist playing, and there's a steady (but not overwhelming) amount of customers. According to Arousal Theory, what will Tina's performance on the pizza box folding task be like?
Strong/Good/Excellent/something positive!
Paul Ekman noticed that people from diverse cultures all across the globe experience a similarly small number of primary emotions, illustrating this property of emotions.
What is universality?
As humans, we learn to avoid foods that are paired with illness (even if the food itself did not cause the illness) through this specific type of aversive conditioning.
What is conditioned taste aversion?
This psychologist is credited for building on Edward Thorndike's work and constructing a box hooked up to a recording device, which allowed researchers to study operant conditioning in animals with greater accuracy.
Who is B.F. Skinner?
The original Love Factor study that demonstrated the two-factor theory of emotion was conducted on a suspension bridge in this city (I was also on this exact bridge in this city when I saw Taylor Swift).
What is Vancouver?
Jeff's had a rough week and has been awake for 48 straight hours trying to complete Assignment #4 for his PSYC 1001 class. However, after class he's a bit hungry, as he hasn't eaten in a couple of hours. According to Clark Hull, Jeff is most likely to do this after class.
What is sleep?
Lynette has made it to the final round of a tennis tournament. While watching a match between two other players, she experiences racing heart and rapid breathing, which she attributes to her excitement about the game. However, the next night, just before her own match, she experiences racing heart and rapid breathing again, but this time attributes these to nervousness, illustrating this theory of emotion.
What is the two-factor theory of emotion?
Dave got in a car accident long ago. For a while after his accident, he became very scared every time he got in a car. Over time, he overcame this fear and could generally drive calmly. However, one day on the way to work, he heard tires screeching from another car and immediately felt panicked again. This experience illustrates this phenomenon that demonstrates that extinction is not unlearning.
What is spontaneous recovery?
When your roommate annoys you by not doing dishes, you take the XBox out of your shared living room and hide it in your own room (based on a true story), reflecting this type of operant conditioning.
What is negative punishment?
According to Drive Reduction Theory, we act on psychological drives to correct physiological imbalances, leading to this balanced state.
What is homeostasis?
I'm walking around the Green Monster at night when a scary, knife-wielding clown jumps out of the darkness at me. According to Cannon-Bard Theory, I experience these two things simultaneously in reacting to the situation.
What are: physiological changes and emotional experiences?
In the video we watched in class where the student paired the Staples "Easy" button with a blast from the airsoft gun, the "Easy" button became this type of variable by the end of the video.
What is a conditioned stimulus?
You sit up straight when the teacher is watching and slow your car down when you see a police car because they act as these kind of stimuli, which indicate that you are in a context where you may receive a punishment.
What are discriminant stimuli?