Background & Theories
The scientist credited with starting the first psychology laboratory in 1879.
Who is WILHELM WUNDT?
The tendency to believe after learning an outcome that you would have been able to predict the outcome in advance (aka the "I-knew-it-all-along effect").
What is HINDSIGHT BIAS?
The gap between two neurons.
What is a SYNAPSE?
The stage of sleep (sometimes called paradoxical sleep) in which behaviorally an individual appears to be sleeping, but his or her brain waves show wakeful activity.
What is REM SLEEP?
The whole complement of genes possessed by an organism.
What is a GENOTYPE?
A perspective founded by Sigmund Freud that emphasizes the importance of repressed memories and childhood experiences.
What is the PSYCHODYNAMIC perspective?
A descriptive research method that involves studying one or a few subjects in great depth to investigate a specific condition.
What is a CASE STUDY?
The division of the nervous system that allows the body to return to "business-as-usual" after a stressful encounter.
What is the PARASYMPATHETIC nervous system?
According to Freud, the hidden content in our dreams (i.e., our actual wishes and desires).
What is LATENT content?
The type of culture in which self-promotion and autonomy are encouraged over group goals and solidarity.
What is an INDIVIDUALISTIC culture?
An early school of thought supported by William James.
What is FUNCTIONALISM?
A measure of variation in a set of data that tells us how much individual scores differ from the mean.
What is STANDARD DEVIATION?
A fatty substance covering the axons of most neurons that increases the speed with which messages can be transmitted.
What is MYELIN SHEATH?
The stage of sleep in which "k complexes" are present.
What is STAGE 2 sleep?
A type of partnering relationship in which several males mate with one female.
What is POLYANDRY?
A perspective supported by B.F. Skinner in which actions are attributable to reinforcers and punishers.
What is the BEHAVIORAL perspective?
A descriptive research method comprised of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring settings without trying to manipulate or control the situation.
What is NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION?
The gland sometimes referred to as the "master gland," which regulates much of the action of the other endocrine glands.
What is the PITUITARY GLAND?
A drug that can damage serotonin-producing neurons with long-term use.
What is ECSTASY (MDMA)?
A phenomenon in peer influence in which children are likely to seek out friends with similar interests and attitudes.
What is the SELECTION EFFECT?
A philosopher who argued that human beings come into the world as a blank slate (i.e., "tabula rasa").
Who is JOHN LOCKE?
A type of experimental design in which neither the researchers nor the experimental subjects know whether the latter have been assigned to an experimental or a control group.
What is a DOUBLE-BLIND experimental design?
A type of molecule that's similar enough to a neurotransmitter to occupy its receptor site and block its effect.
What is an ANTAGONIST?
A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.
What is SLEEP APNEA?
The term used to describe genes that actively express themselves in determining an organism's traits and capacities.
What is PHENOTYPE?