Research Methods
General procedures psychologists use for gathering and interpreting data
The scientific method
The physical process during which our sensory organs respond to external stimuli.
Sensation
Psychological and cultural differences between males and females including attitudes, behaviors and social roles.
Gender
The overestimation of personal or trait factors, underestimation of the situation.
Fundamental attribution error
In the context of operant conditioning, something that makes the behavior more likely to occur in the future.
Reinforcement
Obtaining similar results to a previous study using the same methods.
Replication
A type of processing that is heavily influenced by our expectations and prior knowledge
Top down processing
Development is often divided into these three broad domains
Social, physical, cognitive
The state of having inconsistent thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes, especially as relating to behavioral decisions and attitude change.
Cognitive dissonance
Remembering phone digits temporarily until you can write down the digits is this kind of memory.
Working memory
Find the IV: If students use Brainscape to study, rather than simple flash cards, then they will get higher test scores.
Method of studying (Brainscape vs. flashcards)
The phenomenon in which we fail to notice an unexpected object or event when attention is focused on something else.
Inattentional blindness
The discontinuous perspective refers to qualitative changes in thinking, feeling, and behaving that characterize specific periods of development, known as:
Stages
Researcher who conducted the famous early studies of conformity
Solomon Asch
"Jack confiscates his son Charlie’s video game console to stop him from misbehaving" is an example of which operant contingency?
Negative punishment
A variable that could explain difference between the experimental group and the control group, other than the IV.
Confound
The smallest detectable difference between two stimuli, or the minimum change in a stimulus that enables it to be correctly judged as different from a reference stimulus.
Just noticeable difference (difference threshold)
When do gender stereotypes begin?
Before we are born
People are less likely to assist a person in distress when there are a number of other people also present, which is known as:
The bystander effect
After conditioning, the response to the CS can be eliminated if the CS is presented repeatedly with the US. This is referred to as what?
Extinction
A type of design in which we might observe children's laughter on a playground.
Observational (naturalistic observation)
The hole where light enters the eye, the center of the iris
The pupil
The Neo Freudian theorist who proposed 8 stages of psychosocial development
Erik Erikson
The type of attribution descried here: you get a poor grade on a quiz and blame the teacher for not adequately explaining the material, completely dismissing the fact that you didn't study.
External
What is Miller's magic number of items we can remember?
7 +/- 2