Neurons and Action Potentials
What is the resting membrane potential?
What is ~70mV
What is the interconnection between two neurons where communication occurs?
What is Synapse
The primary motor cortex is located in which brain lobe?
What is frontal lobe
Formulating plans and strategies
What is prefrontal cortex
Neuron whose axons synapse with intrafusal muscle fibers.
What is Gamma Motor Neuron
Structural support to neurons, clean up debris.
What is Astrocytes
IPSP is to GABA as EPSP is to
What is Glutamate
Bundle of axons connecting the two hemispheres
What is Corpus Callosum
Loss of myelin is the major cause of
What is Multiple Sclerosis
Damage to this brain structure results in uncoordinated and impaired rapid movements
What is the Cerebellum
Membrane potential more negative than at rest
What is hyperpolarization
What neurotransmitter binds to the nicotinic receptor?
What two cortices make up the homunculus?
What are the primary motor cortex and primary somatosensory cortex
Broca's area is to _____; as Wernicke's area is to ______
Speech production; Speech Comprehension
A neurological disorder associated with gradual and extensive loss of GABAergic neurons in the caudate and putamen
What is Huntington's disease
Three main sequence of events to generate an action potential
1. Voltage-gated Na channel activation
2. Voltage-gated Na channel inactivation
3. K channel activation
What type of drug prevents serotonin from being reabsorbed?
What is SSRI
What subdivisions make up the forebrain?
Telencephalon and Diencephalon
This structure protects the brain by preventing most substances in the bloodstream from entering the neural tissue.
What is the Blood-Brain Barrier
What are the two main types of proprioceptors, and what does each detect?
Muscle spindle (muscle length)
and
Golgi tendon organ (muscle tension)
The sodium–potassium pump moves how many sodium and potassium ions, and in which directions?
What is 3 Na⁺ ions out and 2 K⁺ ions in
This type of receptor produces rapid, short-term effects by directly opening an ion channel when a neurotransmitter binds.
What is ionotropic receptor
Saltatory conduction occurs when which two structures work together along an axon?
What are myelin sheath and nodes of Ranvier
Which division of the peripheral nervous system is activated during a fight-or-flight response?
What is Sympathetic Division
Depolarization of a muscle fiber causes calcium to enter, enabling ATP to drive the actin-myosin system.
What is the actin-myosin cross-bridge (mechanism of muscle contraction)