Major Schools of Psychology
Research Methods
Reinforcement and Punishment
Schedules of Reinforcement
Learning Processes and Researchers
100
Human behavior is strongly influenced by unconscious sexual and aggressive conflicts. (School of Psych & Psychologist responsible)
What is Psychoanalysis. Who is Sigmund Freud.
100
Fake sugar capsules that were identical in appearance to the actual medicine capsules.
What is a placebo.
100
Feeling sorry for a hitchhiker on the side of the road. Howard offered him a ride. The hitchhiker robbed Howard and stole his car. Howard no longer picks up hitchhikers because of _____________
What is negative punishment OR punishment by removal.
100
At the beginning of the semester, your instructor announces that there will be a test every two weeks.
What is Fixed Interval.
100
The basic learning process that involves repeatedly pairing a neutral stimulus with a response-producing stimulus until the neutral stimulus elicits the same response.
What is classical conditioning.
200
Psychology should scientifically investigate observable behaviors that can be measured objectively and should not study consciousness or mental processes. (School of Psych & Psychologist responsible)
What is Behaviorism. Who is John Watson.
200
A psychologist discovers that as negative life events increase, episodes of depression also increase. The psychologist concludes that there is a __________ between negative life events and episodes of depression.
What is a positive correlation.
200
When Joan turns the grocery card down the candy aisle, her three-year-old son, Connor, starts screaming, "Want candy! Candy!" Joan moves to another aisle, but Connor continues to scream. As other customers begin staring and Joan starts to feel embarrassed, she finally gives Connor a bag of M&Ms. Connor is now more likely to scream in a store when he wants candy because he has experienced _________________
What is positive reinforcement.
200
A data entry clerk is paid $1 for every 100 correct accounting entries made on the computer.
What is Fixed Ratio.
200
The basic learning process that involves changing the probability that a response will be repeated by manipulating the consequences of that response.
What is operant conditioning.
300
Psychology should emphasize each person's unique potential for psychological growth and self-directedness. (School of Psych & Psychologist responsible)
What is Humanistic Psychology. Who is Carl Rogers.
300
Researchers have found that the more credit cards people have, the less money they tend to have in their savings accounts. These researchers have discovered a _________ between the number of credit cards and the amount of savings.
What is a negative correlation.
300
Jacob is caught surfing X-rated websites on the computer in his office and gets reprimanded by his boss. Jacob no longer access X-rated websites on his office computer because of _____________.
What is positive punishment OR punishment by application.
300
Miguel works 40 hours a week in an office and gets paid every Friday afternoon.
What is Fixed Interval.
300
Little Ben rarely brushes his teeth. Ben's parents began giving him a sticker every time he brushed his teeth. Now, Ben brushes his teeth frequently. (Learning process & Psychologist associated)
What is operant conditioning. Who is B.F. Skinner.
400
Psychology should study how behavior and mental processes allow organisms to adapt to their environments. (School of Psych & Psychologist responsible)
What is Functionalism. Who is William James
400
A psychologist is interested in what hospital staff members say about their patients in public. His research assistants spend four hours riding elevators in various hospitals and unobtrusively recording the public conversations. This psychologist is using _____________.
What is naturalistic observation.
400
Thinking she was making a good impression in her new hob by showing how knowledgeable she was, Tanya corrected her supervisor's erroneous comments in two different meetings. Not long after the second meeting, Tanya was "let go" because of her bad attitude. Because she experienced ______________, Tanya no longer publicly corrects her superiors.
What is negative punishment OR punishment by removal.
400
On average, the campus shuttle bus passes the library about once every hour.
What is Variable Interval.
400
When Brittany's grandmother gave her a toy broom, the two-year-old immediately tried to sweep the floor with it. (Learning process & Psychologist associated)
What is observational learning. Who is Albert Bandura.
500
Psychology should focus on the elements on conscious experiences, using the method of introspection. (School of Psych & Psychologist responsible)
What is Structuralism. Who is Edward Titchener.
500
The fact that neither, the participants nor the researchers who interacted with them, knew which participants received the real medicine and which received the fake pill. This research style is called ______________.
What is the double-blind technique.
500
As you walk out of the shoe store at the Super Mall and turn toward another store, you spot a person whom you greatly dislike. You immediately duck back into the shoe store to avoid an unpleasant interaction with him. Because _________ has occurred, you are more likely to take evasive action when you encounter people you dislike in the future.
What is negative reinforcement.
500
At the beginning of the new term, your instructor announces that will be five surprise quizzes over the course of the semester.
What is Variable Ratio.
500
Jan's ex-husband always wore Old Spice aftershave. Five years after her divorce, Jan still cringes whenever she encounters someone who smells like Old Spice. (Learning process & Psychologist associated)
What is Classical Conditioning. Who is Ivan Pavlov.
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