Unit 1
In Bronfenbrenner's ecological-systems model, family and peers are part of one's:
This stage of Piaget's Cognitive theory allows children to think in symbols...what is it called?
Preoperational Stage
Adolescents are in the stage of identity versus role confusion, according to who?
Erik Erikson
Individuals classified as "oldest-old" are usually how old?
Over 85
Repeated, systematic attacks on those who are unable to defend themselves is the definition of:
bullying.
In the science of human development, nature refers to:
the influence of the genes that people inherit.
According to Vygotsky, a teacher who carefully plans each child's participation in the learning process within the zone of proximal development uses:
The first hormones to begin the process of puberty are triggered in the child's______ in the brain.
hypothalamus.
The age-related reduction in testosterone for men is called:
Andropause, or male menopause
Each human body cell contains _____ chromosomes.
46
The _____ period lasts from the third week through the eighth week of pregnancy.
Marissa and Dominic are 4-year-olds at free play in their preschool. Marissa has an apron tied around their head, and Dominic has a sheer curtain tied over their shoulders like a cape. Each of them is holding a stick. When asked what they're doing, Marissa says, "We're playing fairy. We're both fairies." What kind of play are they engaging in?
During adolescence, the _____ matures before the _____ in the brain.
According to Erik Erikson, an adult's failure to achieve generativity results in:
stagnation
Name the three (3) main periods of prenatal development:
(1) Germinal
(2) Embryonic
(3) Fetal
Pruning is a function in the brain by which:
Erik Erikson's fourth stage of psychosocial development is called:
industry versus inferiority.
A possible fifth stage of cognitive development that characterizes adult thinking is "_____ thought."
postformal
Name the three theories of aging:
(1) Wear-and-tear
(2) Genetic Clock (or Genetic adaptation)
(3) Cellular aging
The correct sequence of puberty hormone production that starts in the brain and continues to the glands located below the waist is the:
hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenals.
Marko is 20 months old, and his mother is in a hurry. She wants to put his shoes on, but Marko rejects that by squirming and declaring, "No! Me!" It takes him five minutes, and his shoes end up on the wrong feet, but he proudly skips out to the car when he's done. Marko is in Erikson's _____ stage.
Contrast Jean Piaget's and Lev Vygotsky's views about how best to educate children.
Piaget thought children would discover most concepts themselves and Vygotsky stressed direct instruction from teachers and other mentors who provided the needed scaffolding.
Yanko just solved this algebraic problem: (35xy2)(6zy3). Yanko's ability to do so places them in which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
formal operational
Yonita is 85 and looks back at their life with pride, even though some aspects of their personal history include errors on their part. Yonita is in the stage that Erik Erikson called:
integrity versus despair.
Define selective optimization with compensation and give two examples:
The way in which people maintain a balance in their lives by looking for the best way to compensate for physical and cognitive losses and to become more proficient in activities they do well.
Any of the following examples of selective optimization with compensation:
(1) using reading glasses, (2) enlarging the font on a computer screen, (3) wearing hearing aids, and (4) reducing multitasking.