Intro to Lifespan Development
The study of human behavior
What is psychology?
The largest part of the human brain
What is the cerebrum?
A testable prediction about how the world behave; psychologists test this prediction by doing research
What is a hypothesis?
Temporary support that is provided for a learner until he/she masters a skill
What is scaffolding?
The traits and features that are inherited from one's parents and ancestors
What is heredity?
Maternal age when doctors might say there is added risk for the pregnancy (also called a geriatric pregnancy)
What is 35 years old?
The name of the discipline that uses scientific study to investigate how people change (and stay the same) across their life span
What is lifespan human development?
This divides the brain into two hemispheres (this is different from the structure that CONNECTS the two hemispheres of the brain
What is the longitudinal fissure?
This approach to psychological research describes what is occurring at a particular point in time
What is descriptive research?
A well-developed set of ideas that propose an explanation for observed phenomena that can be used to make predictions about future observations
What is a theory?
The scientific name for identical twins?
What is monozygotic?
This prenatal assessment can be used to check for Rh factor
What is a blood test?
The domain of development that includes the capacity to process information, think, reason, and comprehend what is going on in one’s environment
What is the cognitive domain?
The brain's ability to change in response to injury and/or experiences
What is plasticity?
This type of research is designed to discover relationships between variables and allow the researcher to predict future events
What is correlational research?
This theory emphasizes the importance of culture and interaction in the development of cognitive abilities
What is Lev Vygotsky's Theory of Sociocultural Development?
This type of gene is only expressed when it is paired with an identical gene
What is a recessive gene?
The name of the surgical process when a fetus is delivered through an incision in the mother's abdomen
What is a Cesarean section (C-section)?
A group of people born at the same time in history
What is an age cohort?
Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital
What are the four lobes of the brain?
The specific way a researcher collects, analyzes, and interprets data
What is research design?
This theory is based on the idea that the field of psychology should focus on observable behavior; this theory suggests that a stimulus in the environment leads to a behavioral response
What is Behaviorism (Learning Theory)?
All the genes a person inherits
What is the genotype?
This stage of labor typically lasts between 12-16 hours for a first birth
What is the first stage of labor?
The domain of development that involves growth and change in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness
What is the physical domain of development?
The lobe that is the executive part of the brain where higher order thinking such as reasoning, planning, problem-solving and organizing happens
What is the frontal lobe?
The false belief that changes are due to the manipulation/treatment in an experiment
What is the placebo effect?
Sigmund Freud thought that this was like an inner child that wants to be satisfied at all time (it operates from the pleasure principle)
What is the Id?
This stage of prenatal development begins with conception and ends when the blastocyst/zygote implants into the uterine wall
What is the germinal period of prenatal development?
The type of pain management that relieves pain by blocking most of the feeling and pain in a part (or even all) of the body
What are anesthetics (such as an epidural)?
The question of whether humans play an active role in shaping their development or are at the mercy of uncontrollable forces
What is the active versus passive debate?
This is the bundle of nerves that connects the two hemispheres of the brain and facilitates communication between those two hemispheres
What is the corpus callosum?
This ethical principal in research states that participants should be fully informed about the nature of the research project before participating in it
What is "don't use deception" or "informed consent"?
Behaviorists believe that a ___________ in the environment leads to a response in behavior.
What is stimulus?
The genes (traits) that are expressed in an organism
What is the phenotype?
What is an ectopic pregnancy?
The domain of development that involves emotions, personality, and social relationships
What is the psychosocial domain of development?
This is the second largest lobe of the brain; it plays a large role in helping us understand and produce language
What is the temporal lobe?
This type of research involving a time span compares samples that represent a cross-section of the population that vary in age; multiple segments of the population are researched at the same time.
What is cross-sectional research?
This theory builds on the idea that the stimuli in the environment lead to behavioral responses; this theory argues that that people observe other people’s behavior and sometimes imitate it (which makes learning a social process)
What is social learning theory?
An agent or factor that can cause abnormalities in a developing embryo or fetus
What is a teratogen?
A prenatal test in which sounds waves are used to visually examine the fetus
What is ultrasound?
The question of whether human development is influenced by our environment or our heredity (DNA)
What is the nature versus nurture debate?
This is the oldest part of the brain that connects the brain to the spinal cord; it controls vital body functions such as breathing, heart rate, and digestion
What is the hindbrain?
This type of research uses a questionnaire, which is a list of questions that participants will answer; this questionnaire can be on paper, online, etc.
What is survey research?
These four things constitute a psychological theory
What is: it describes a behavior; it makes predictions about future behaviors; it must have evidence to support the idea; and it must be testable
The threadlike structure of DNA that is found in most living cells
What is a chromosome?
This is the stage of labor when the fetus passes through the birth canal
What is the second stage of labor?
The idea that major historical events (like wars, depressions, pandemics, or technological shifts) that shape a specific generation's development and common traits
What are normative history-graded influences?
This lobe helps the brain process visual information and helps with functions such as spatial reasoning, visual memories, and depth perception
What is the occipital lobe?
This type of research can determine if one factor actually causes something to happen
What is experimental research?
Sigmund Freud thought that this was responsible for mediating between the Id and the Superego
What is the Ego?
This is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity
What is a gene?
The medical name for false labor pains
What are Braxton Hicks contractions?
A specific time period (particularly early in development) in which something has to happen in a specific way in order to develop normally
What is a critical period of development?
This is the brain's supercomputer
What is the cerebral cortex?
DAILY DOUBLE!
What is the tendency of research participants to respond in certain ways because they know they are being observed?
According to Vygotsky, this involves the difference between what a learner can do without help, and what they can do with help.
What is the Zone of Proximal Development?
The prenatal period that lasts from 9 weeks post-conception until birth
What is the fetal period of prenatal development?
Multiple births, the baby is not positioned correctly or is too big, and/or the mother’s or baby’s health in danger
What are reasons that a health care professional might recommend a Cesarean Section (C-section) for delivery?