Intro to Lifespan Development
Research
The Brain
Theories of Development
Heredity and Prenatal Development
Childbirth & Prenatal Development
100
The name of the discipline that uses scientific study to investigate how people change (and stay the same) across their life span
What is lifespan human development?
100
A testable prediction about how the world behave; psychologists test this prediction by doing research
What is a hypothesis?
100
Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital
What are the four lobes of the brain?
100
A well-developed set of ideas that propose and explanation for observed phenomena that can be used to make predictions about future observations
What is a theory?
100
The passing on of traits from parents to their offspring
What is heredity?
100
The stage of labor when contractions start and the cervix dilates
What is the first stage of labor?
200
This persepctive is based on several key assumptions:
- Development occurs across one’s entire life, or is lifelong.
- Development is multidimensional, meaning it involves the dynamic interaction of factors like physical, emotional, and psychosocial development
- Development is multidirectional and results in gains and losses throughout life
- Development is plastic, meaning that characteristics are malleable or changeable.
- Development is influenced by contextual and socio-cultural influences.
- Development is multidisciplinary.
What is the lifespan perspective?
200
This approach to psychological research describes what is occurring at a particular point in time
What is descriptive research?
200
This is a thick band of nerve fibers that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain. It plays a crucial role in interhemispheric communication, allowing the two sides of the brain to share information and coordinate their functions.
What is the corpus callosum?
200
A temporary support system provided by a more knowledgeable other (like a teacher or parent) to help a learner acquire new skills or understand new concepts within their Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
What is a scaffold?
200
All the genes a person inherits
What is the genotype?
200
Name of the type of surgery to deliver the baby by being removed through the mother's abdomen
What is a Caesarian Section?
300
The domain of development that includes the capacity to process information, think, reason, and comprehend what is going on in one’s environment
What is the cognitive domain?
300
This type of research is designed to discover relationships between variables and allow the researcher to predict future events
What is correlational research?
300
The collection of structures that are involved in processing memory and emotion
What is the limbic system?
300
This theorist is known for developing the psychoanalytic field of psychology
Who is Sigmund Freud?
300
This type of gene is only expressed when it is paired with an identical gene
What is a recessive gene?
300
This prenatal assessment can check for high sugar level, the presence of too much protein, and other signs that the kidneys aren't functioning correctly
What is a urine test/analysis?
400
A group of people who are born at roughly the same time period in a particular society
What is a cohort?
400
The specific way a researcher collects, analyzes, and interprets data
What is research design?
400
The lobe that is the executive part of the brain where higher order thinking such as reasoning, planning, problem-solving and organizing happens
What is the frontal lobe?
400
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What is classical conditioning (Pavlov)?
400
The empirical science of how genes and environments combine to generate behavior
What is behavioral genetics?
400
An organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy to provide oxygen and nutrients to the embryo or fetus via the umbilical cord
What is the placenta?
500
The idea that the time period (such as the Great Depression) in which we live shapes our experiences is consistent with this term
What is a history graded influence?
500
The false belief that changes are due to the manipulation/treatment in an experiment
What is the placebo effect?
500
The concept that each hemisphere of the brain is associated with specialized functions
What is lateralization?
500
This theory is based on the idea that the field of psychology should focus on observable behavior; this theory suggests that a stimulus in the environment leads to a behavioral response
What is Behaviorism (Learning Theory)?
500
This stage of prenatal development begins with conception and ends when the blastocyst/zygote implants into the uterine wall
What is the germinal period of prenatal development?
500
The type of pain management that relieves pain by blocking most of the feeling and pain in a part (or even all) of the body
What are anesthetics (such as an epidural)?
600
Biological and environmental factors that have a strong correlation with chronological age, such as puberty or menopause, or age-based social practices such as beginning school or entering retirement
What are normative age-graded influences?
600
This ethical principal in research states that participants should be fully informed about the nature of the research project before participating in it
What is "don't use deception" or "informed consent"?
600
The part of the brain serves as the memory center
What is the hippocampus?
600
According to Jean Piaget, this cognitive process involves expanding one's framework of knowledge to accommodate the new situation.
What is accommodation?
600
The scientific name for identical twins?
What is monozygotic?
600
This is a quick assessment performed on newborns immediately after birth to evaluate their overall health and identify any potential medical issues
What is an APGAR test?
700
The set of ideas, behaviors, attitudes, and traditions that exist within large groups of people (usually of a common religion, family, or something similar). These ideas, behaviors, traditions, etc. are passed on from one generation to the next and are typically resistant to change over time
What is culture?
700
This type of research involving a time span compares samples that represent a cross-section of the population that vary in age; multiple segments of the population are researched at the same time.
What is cross-sectional research?
700
This lobe of the brain is located near the ears and helps us process sound
What is the temporal lobe of the brain?
700
This theory builds on the idea that the stimuli in the environment lead to behavioral responses; this theory argues that that people observe other people’s behavior and sometimes imitate it (which makes learning a social process)
What is social learning theory?
700
An agent or factor that can cause abnormalities in a developing embryo or fetus
What is a teratogen?
700
A prenatal test in which sounds waves are used to visually examine the fetus
What is ultrasound?
800
This is the idea that our DNA (genetics) determine who we are
What is the "nature" side of the nature versus nurture debate?
800
This type of research uses a questionnaire, which is a list of questions that participants will answer; this questionnaire can be on paper, online, etc.
What is survey research?
800
The almond-shaped structure in the brain's temporal lobe that is a key component of the limbic system, primarily responsible for processing emotions, especially fear, anxiety, and pleasure, and for fear learning
What is the amygdala?
800
What is Maslow's Hierarch of Needs?
800
The threadlike structure of DNA that is found in most living cells
What is a chromosome?
800
This is the stage of labor when the fetus passes through the birth canal
What is the second stage of labor?
900
The question of whether humans play an active role in shaping their development or are at the mercy of uncontrollable forces
What is the Active versus Passive debate?
900
This type of research can determine if one factor actually causes something to happen
What is experimental research?
900
This part of the brain controls automatic functions such as breathing, digestion, heart rate, etc.
What is the brain stem (which is in the hindbrain)?
900
The name psychologists such as Erik Erikson use for a challenge that a person must resolve before they can move on to the next stage of development
What is a psychosocial crisis?
900
This is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity
What is a gene?
900
Birth centers, hospitals, at-home (and even more options)
What are some of the options parents-to-be have regarding where their baby will be born?
1000
This word is used to explain the idea that human development is studied by lots of different academic experts
What is "multi-disciplinary"?
1000
The Hawthorne Effect (which is similar to observer bias)
What is the tendency of research participants to respond in certain ways because they know they are being observed?
1000
The sensory relay for the brain
What is the medulla?
1000
In this stage of Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development, children begin to think about objects that are not right in front of them. Along with this advance in thinking, a limitation that is characteristic of this stage is intuitive thinking in which children focus on just one dimension at a time. Piaget devised a number of conservation tasks. For example, in the conservation of volume task, a child might figure out the amount of water in a glass by focusing only on the height of the liquid and not considering the glass’s width
What is the pre-operational stage?
1000
The prenatal period that lasts from 9 weeks post-conception until birth
What is the fetal period of prenatal development?
1000
A fluid-filled sac that protects and contains the fetus in the uterus
What is the amniotic sac?