The Brain & Cognition
This model proposes that humans possess two "minds" which are responsible for different functions.
What is the dual-process model?
This term refers to an individual's general evaluation of their own "worth".
What is self-esteem?
This term refers to the ability to guide thoughts, emotions, and actions towards specific goals.
What is self-regulation?
This theory suggests that individuals experience emotional reactions to stimuli only after an appraisal process has been conducted.
What is the two-factor theory?
This theory proposes that humans need autonomy, competence, and relatedness in order to feel actualized.
What is self-determination theory?
This part of the brain tends to respond with a "fight or flight" instinct when an individual feels threatened.
What is the amygdala?
This term refers to the level of perceived control an individual believes they have over their environment and future.
What is locus of control?
This theory proposes that willpower is a limited resource, and that using too much now will reduce what is available to use later.
What is ego-depletion?
This term refers to how arousal from one event influences an individual's decisions in a later context.
What is excitation transfer?
This phenomenon refers to the tendency for individuals to prefer avoiding risks to maintain gains, but seeking risks to minimize losses.
What is risk-aversion?
This phenomenon shows that individuals will often interpret external stimuli within the context of their own facial expressions (and thus, underlying mood).
What is the facial feedback hypothesis?
This phrase refers to the idea that individuals can obtain self-esteem improvement from the success of other individuals or groups with which they relate.
What is basking in reflected glory?
This term refers to the degree to which an individual both understands their own identity, and to which they monitor their social standing with others.
What is self-awareness?
This term refers to the ability for individuals to predict their emotional reaction to a hypothetical future event (something we're often inaccurate with!).
What is affective forecasting?
This term refers to the idea that too many options can reduce motivation to make a meaningful decision.
What is choice overload?
The story of Genie Wiley highlights the importance of this in early life for proper social developments to occur.
What is socialization?
This model proposes that individuals work to minimize threatening comparisons to others while maximizing ideal comparisons.
What is the self-evaluation maintenance model?
This phenomenon occurs when individuals make an incorrect assumption about the cause of a physiological state of arousal.
What is the misattribution of arousal?
This "social" emotion causes individuals to feel bad about something they've done, often resulting in efforts to repair any social damage which may have resulted.
What is guilt?
This term refers to the tendency for individuals to act in ways opposite what they're told in order to maintain a sense of autonomy.
What is psychological reactance?
This term refers to the idea that the "mind" is not limited to the brain alone, and that individuals often rely on bodily states as information.
What is embodied cognition?
This theory proposes that self-esteem acts as a gauge tracking social inclusion, which motivates a change in behavior if the gauge gets too low.
What is the sociometer theory?
This term refers to the tendency for individuals to judge psychologically "near" events with more concrete detail than psychologically "distant" events, which tend to be more abstract.
What is construal level theory?
This term refers to the tendency for individuals to lose motivation for activities which start as intrinsically rewarding (e.g., fun), but are transformed into extrinsically rewarding activities (e.g., pay).
What is over-justification?
This theory proposes that individuals make decisions by considering all outcomes, and selecting whichever option seems to avoid the worst-case scenario.
What is error-management theory?