Epistemology & The Scientific Method
Ethics
The Basics of Research
Developing a RQ
Intro & Lit Review
100
What is correlation?
Correlation is when there is a relationship between 2 variables
100
What is the independent variable?
The variable that is manipulated
100
What is ecological validity?
Ecological validity refers to the nature of the environment Could we generalise this study to situations, settings and people beyond the context of this study and the laboratory
100
What is a null hypothesis?

The simplistic definition is that the null hypothesis is the opposite of the hypothesis being tested

People who drink coffee before bed will find it hard to sleep

There will be no difference in sleep patterns between people who drink coffee and those that dont


200
What is the dependant variable?
The variable that is measured
200
What is ecological validity?
Ecological validity is used to describe how accurate an experiment's conditions are in replicating what happens in the real world
200
What is validity?
The extent to which a study measures what it claims to measure
200
What is mundane reality?
The extent that the  actual task being performed is realistic
200
What is a treatment group?
Those that had a treatment during the experiment
300
What is an extraneous variable?
Another possible factor that might affect the dependent variable
300
What is a natural experiment?

A natural experiment is when one variable occurs naturally

Grafton et al - they couldn't damage people's pre frontal cortex so they used veterans this is a natural experimnet

300
What is internal validity?
The extent to which a study tests the hypothesis it was supposed to test
300
What is population validity?
Population validity refers to whether the characteristics of the sample are reflective of the wider population
300
What is a control group?
Those that didn't take a treatment so they can be used to compare the treatment group with
400
What is a confounding variable?
A variable that has already affected the DV but was not intended to
400
What is bidirectional ambiguity?

When the direction of a relationship is uncertain

eg eating fish and depression

400
What is external validity?
How well the study can be generalised to the wider population
400
What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative?
Quantitative data seeks objective knowledge and deals with numbers unlike qualitative data which seeks meaning and context - no numbers
400
What is a placebo?
A sugar pill that the person taking it thinks is the real thing
500
What is a causational relationship?

It means that one variable has a direct result on another.  Lots of research and studies have to be completed to demonstrate this 

eg smoking and lung cancer

smoking is the variable and the direct result is lung cancer

500
What is a phenomenon?
A psychological phenomenon refers to an interesting behaviour or mental process that can be observed to occur
500
What is reliability?

The extent to which a study has been replicated to ensure the results are not just luck

If a study gets the same results again and againit is said to have test-retest reliability

500
What is a hypothesis?

A hypothesis is a testable statement that is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. For a hypothesis to be a scientific hypothesis, the scientific method requires that one can test it.  A working hypothesis is a provisionally accepted hypothesis proposed for further research.

500
What is the placebo effect?
When people take a placebo and recover
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