Quasi-Experiments
Small-N Designs
Replicate
99 Problems
External Validation
100
When conducting quasi-experiments, researchers are forced to give up
What is real-world applicability?
100
This type of validity can be very high with a small n study.
What is internal validity?
100
A study is repeated as closely as possible to determine whether the original effect is found in the new data.
What is exact (direct) replication?
100
Analyzing and then re-analyzing again until a significant effect is found.
What is p-Hacking?
100
When we talk about the group of interest for a research study.
What is a population?
200
Two priorities that rely on quasi-experiments.
What are ethics and real-world opportunities?
200
This type of validity can be problematic in a small n study.
What is external validity?
200
Two reasons a study may not be replicable.
What are contextually sensitive effects and the number of replication attempts?
200
When a researcher emphasizes significant findings and ignores or obfuscates null effects.
What is underreporting?
200
An aspect of external validity in which the focus is on whether a laboratory study generalizes to real-world settings.
What is ecological validity?
300
The degree to which a quasi-experiment supports a causal statement depends on these two things.
What is the quality of the design and the pattern of results?
300
Two researchers who conducted small n studies that are still replicable.
Who is Piaget and Ebbinghaus?
300
Three types of replication studies.
What are direction replication, conceptual replication, and replication-plus-extension?
300
An alternative and transparent practice that is in contrast to underreporting.
What is open material sharing?
300
Data with strong external validity comes from strong sampling practices like ___.
What is random assignment?
400
Another way of saying nonequivalent control group posttest-only design.
What are participants who were not randomly assigned to groups?
What are participants who are only tested once?
400
What is a stable-baseline design?
400
Null results and opposite results are rarely published.
What is the file drawer problem?
400
When researchers come across an unexpected result in their study and act as though they planned it.
What is HARKing?
400
A small n is appropriate in this testing mode.
What is theory-testing mode?
500
Two ways that quasi-experiments look similar to correlational studies.
What is random assignment and non-manipulated variables?
500
The following image is an illustration of ___.
What is a multiple-baseline design?
500
In 2019 Morehead and colleagues did this with the Mueller and Oppenheimer (2014) study which examined note taking methods and exam performance.
What is replication-plus-extension?
500
As an alternative research practice emphasizes gathering data on a larger number of people, while this is discouraged.
What is using small samples?
500
This figure illustrates the importance of this when it comes to external validity.
What is cross-cultural context?