Memory
Rovee-Collier and colleagues tied one end of a ribbon to an infant’s leg and the other end to a mobile hanging over the crib. The infant learned to kick her leg to make the mobile move. The researchers come back after a specified period of time (e.g., 2 days, 2 weeks) and this time they do not attach the ribbon. They are likely testing the infant’s
A) motor skills
B) attention span
C) memory
C) motivation
C) Memory
Psychologists who specialize in the measurement of psychological characteristics such as intelligence and personality are referred to as
Piagetians
Psychometricians
Information Processing Theorists
Freudians
Psychometricians
Repeated consonant-vowel syllables such as “babababa” or “mamamama”
is called cooing.
is called babbling.
is called “protowords.”
is the most common form of a baby’s first word.
is called babbling.
It is the day after Halloween. Miranda asks her preschool class to share what they did the night before and what was their favourite part. What type of long-term memory will the students be using?
Episodic memory
Non-episodic memory
Procedural memory
Conditioned memory
Episodic memory
Zander is 1.5 years old. He is learning how to speak and is currently using telegraphic speech. What is an example of Zander using telegraphic speech?
“Gimmie cookie”
“I want a cookie”
“I want a cookie, please”
“Cookie”
“Gimmie cookie”
One day Cristy takes her 3-month-old baby, Charles, to her friend’s home and puts him in a rocking cradle. Charles soon learns that if he wiggles and waves his arms, the cradle will rock. Several weeks later, Cristy returns to the friend’s house. How would you expect Charles to respond when his is placed in the cradle again?
Charles will not remember the cradle at all from his previous visit and will behave as if it was the first time he had been in the cradle.
Charles is likely to remember the cradle and start wiggling and waving his arms as soon as he is placed in the cradle.
Charles is likely to remember how to make the cradle move only if Cristy gives him a cue by rocking the cradle right after he is put in it.
Charles is likely to remember how to make the cradle move, but will no longer be interested in making it move.
2. Charles is likely to remember how to make the cradle move only if Cristy gives him a cue by rocking the cradle right after he is put in it.
Standardized intelligence tests often reflect biases that put others at a disadvantage. __________ include test items based on experiences common to many cultures.
Traditional intelligence tests
Culture-fair intelligence test
Reliable tests
Habituation measures
Culture-fair intelligence test
Which of the following is TRUE of infant-directed speech?
Infants prefer adult-directed speech to infant-directed speech.
Only mothers use infant-directed speech.
Infant-directed speech seems to attract the infant’s attention.
The use of infant-directed speech makes it more difficult for infants to identify speech sounds.
Infant-directed speech seems to attract the infant’s attention.
Different factors are hypothesized to impact infantile amnesia. What is NOT TRUE about factors that cause infantile amnesia?
Brain regions important in memory are still developing in infants/early childhood
Humans rely on language to process memories and infants/young children are still developing language
Young children do not yet have a developed sense of self to anchor their experiences
The time between memory formation and retrieval is too long.
4. The time between memory formation and retrieval is too long.
Regarding language acquisition, some theorists believe in the _____________, where children have a natural ability to understand that nouns are objects and verbs are actions.
Semantic bootstrapping theory
Fuzzy trace theory
Symbolic mapping theory
Wuggist theory
Semantic bootstrapping theory
Czarina is a high school student. At a family dinner, Czarina’s older sister was reminiscing about something that Czarina did when Czarina was 1 year old. Everyone around the table was discussing the event in detail, however, Czarina could not remember this occurring. What is the best possible explanation for this?
Research on infantile amnesia indicates that most people have no memories of specific events or experiences prior to three years of age.
Although most people can remember specific events from birth to age three, most people choose not to because it is too challenging.
Because of the limited space in the short-term memory very old information is removed to make room for newer information.
Only emotion-laden events are stored in short-term memory for that length of time
Research on infantile amnesia indicates that most people have no memories of specific events or experiences prior to three years of age.
The Flynn Effect refers to secular increases in IQ in the 20th century. This demonstrates that
Intelligence has been adapting to the increasing needs of the environment
Heredity is the only important factor in determining intelligence
Intelligence is individualistic
Intelligence is not predictive of individual success
Intelligence has been adapting to the increasing needs of the environment
What is NOT TRUE about cooing
Babies start cooing around one-two months of age
Cooing babies produce constant-like sounds
Babies coo more when they are socially interacting with their caregiver
Cooing occurs before babbling
Cooing babies produce constant-like sounds
Mytein has gone through the drive-thrus at fast-food restaurants with her parents many times. She remembers that you wait in line in your car, talk to someone and order over a speaker, drive to a small window - where you pay and get a bag with your food. Mytein’s knowledge about these events in a drive thru is best described as ____.
A script
Monitoring
Rehearsal
Working memory
A script
School aged children speak differently based on the person they are talking to. They are more polite with adults and more demanding with their peers. This demonstrates that children have an understanding of _______ to be effective communicators.
Pragmatics
Semantics
Phonics
Morphonics
Pragmatics
Which brain regions impact early memory development?
Hippocampus and frontal cortex
Hippocampus and pituitary gland
Frontal cortex and visual cortex
Frontal cortex only
Hippocampus and frontal cortex
Camille’s 7-month-old daughter obtained a high score on the Bayley Scales. What does this tell her about her daughter?
a. Her daughter is very likely to have a high IQ later in childhood and adulthood.
b. Her daughter will be athletically talented.
c. Her daughter was exposed to teratogens prenatally.
d. Her daughter’s development is progressing normally.
d. Her daughter’s development is progressing normally.
An illustration of the principle of overregularization would be a child who says
A) “feets” instead of “feet.”
B) “blue” instead of “red.”
C) “cats” instead of “animals.”
D) “mom” instead of “dad.”
A) “feets” instead of “feet.”
Sarah is a behaviorist who believes that language is learned through imitation, modelling, and reinforcement. Which of the following is not explained by a behaviorist approach to language learning?
Children rapidly producing sentences they have never heard before
Children who watch Sesame Street having larger vocabularies than children who do not watch Sesame Street
Children learning words more rapidly if their parents speak and interact with them frequently
Children repeating phrases because they think it is funny.
Children rapidly producing sentences they have never heard before
The average FSIQ on the Stanford-Binet and WISC-V is
80
90
100
110
100
Which of the following is TRUE about memory?
Newborn infants show evidence of memory abilities.
Long term memory improves with age, but short-term memory does not.
Encoding stimuli to memory systems does not improve with age
Although memory gets better with age, this is likely not linked to cognitive development.
Newborn infants show evidence of memory abilities.
Sternberg defines successful intelligence as using one’s abilities skillfully to achieve one’s personal goals. Which of the following is NOT an ability that people use to achieve personal goals, as defined by Sternberg?
Analytic ability
Practical ability
Contextual ability
Creative ability
Contextual ability
The “Wug Test” presented children with a nonsense object called a “wug”. Researchers then presented a picture with two of these objects to see how the child would articulate the plural form of “wug”. The most important finding of this study was that
children extract generalizable rules about graphical morphemes from language they hear
children have difficulty understanding graphical morphemes.
children’s language is not based on rules.
children can pronounce nonsense words
children extract generalizable rules about graphical morphemes from language they hear
Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences is based on all of the following EXCEPT
Research in child development
Studies of exceptionally talented people
Intelligence test scores
Studies of brain-damaged peoples
Intelligence test scores
Which of the following intelligences is NOT shared by Gardner’s multiple intelligences and the psychometric theories of intelligence?
Linguistic
Logical-mathematical
Spatial
Interpersonal
Interpersonal