Beyond the Family
Tom, who enjoys school, likes to read, and plans to go to Harvard, loathes Barry, who thinks that school is stupid, listens to his iPod constantly, and plans to quit high school to become a rock star. Barry feels the same way about Tom. What is correct about Tom and Barry’s relationship?
A) It is a good example of a mutual antipathy
B) It is a good example of co-rumination
C) It is a good example of a rough-and-tumble friendship
D) It is a good example of a rough-and-tumble friendship
E) It is a good example of a one-sided antipathy
A) It is a good example of a mutual antipathy
According to Piaget’s theory of moral development, 5- to 7-year-old children are in a stage called __________, in which they believe that rules are created by wise adults, and, therefore, must be followed
A) moral relativism
B) the preconventional level
C) moral realism
D) the conventional level
C) moral realism
People and objects in an individual’s immediate environment comprise an individual’s
A) microsystem
B) macrosystem
C) mesosystem
D) exosystem
A) microsystem
Authoritarian parents exhibit __________ control and __________ warmth
A) high; high
B) low; high
C) high; low
D) low; low
C) high; low
The belief that breaking a rule always leads to punishment is referred to as
A) moral relativism
B) immanent justice
C) postconventional reasoning
D) conventional reasoning
B) immanent justice
Romantic relationships during adolescence
A) are associated with higher self-confidence and self-esteem
B) tend to begin at the same age in all ethnic groups
C) usually involve being part of a well-defined couple when they first begin
D) involve sexual exploration but not friendship, trust, or support
A) are associated with higher self-confidence and self-esteem
The beginnings of self-control occur when children
A) internalize some of the external controls placed on them
B) realize that other people impose demands on them and expect them to react accordingly
C) can delay gratification
D) become capable of self-regulation
B) realize that other people impose demands on them and expect them to react accordingly
How does open adoption differ from closed adoption?
A) Open adoption allows for communication between the birth parents and adoptive parents.
B) Closed adoption is almost always an intercountry adoption.
C) Open adoption is almost always a cross-cultural adoption.
D) Closed adoption limits contact between birth parents and children but not between birth parents and adoptive parents.
A) Open adoption allows for communication between the birth parents and adoptive parents.
When Julianne saw her mother scurrying to get everything ready for dinner, she said, “Mom, you have so many things to do, what can I do to help?” Julianne’s ability to see that her mother’s task was burdensome is best described as an example of
A) prosocial behavior
B) perspective-taking
C) empathy
D) moral reasoning
B) perspective-taking
Miguel’s parents have an authoritative parenting style. You would expect Miguel to
A) be self-reliant
B) have low self-esteem
C) be irresponsible
D) have low grades in school
A) be self-reliant
Peer rejection is more common when parents
A) have ineffective social skills
B) consistently discipline their children
C) are friendly and cooperative with others
D) are loving and affectionate with their children
A) have ineffective social skills
It’s a cold and snowy day, and it’s tempting to skip class for the day to avoid going out in the weather. What could you do to make it easier to resist that temptation?
A) Tell yourself that if you skip class just this once, you’ll be less likely to do it on other days
B) Think about how nice it would be to curl up with your textbook and a cup of hot chocolate at home
C) Think of all the fun outdoor activities like cross country skiing and sledding that you could do in the snow
D) Remind yourself that it’ll be a lot easier to get an “A” in your class if you go to class every day
D) Remind yourself that it’ll be a lot easier to get an “A” in your class if you go to class every day
Sam’s parents decided it would be best to get a divorce. Both parents have equal custody of Sam. However, when Sam spends time with his mom, Sam’s mom is having trouble caring for him. She has to work two jobs to make sure she is covering basic life necessities. Now, Sam’s grandmother decides to move in with Sam and his mom to help care for Sam when his mother has him. What best describes Sam’s family structure?
A) Single-parent family
B) Coparenting family
C) Stepfamily or Blended family
D) Grandparent raising grandchild family
B) Coparenting family
The ______________ dimension reminds us that microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem are not static, but are often in flux
A) endosystem
B) chronosystem
C) temperamental
D) ethological
B) chronosystem
When Dana heard about an impoverished family not having money to buy food, she decided to donate her allowance to the family, even though she would not get anything in return. Dana’s behavior is best described as:
A) altruism
B) cooperative behavior
C) empathy
D) antisocial behavior
A) altruism
Which of the following is NOT a factor associated with successful schools?
A) Academic excellence is the primary goal of the school
B) The school climate is safe and nurturing
C) Parents leave the teaching to the teachers and stay out of the school
D) Progress of students, teachers, and programs is carefully monitored
C) Parents leave the teaching to the teachers and stay out of the school
William is an aggressive child. Chad is NOT an aggressive child. Which of the following would you expect to find?
A) Chad and William are equally likely to respond to neutral behavior with aggression
B) When engaged in an aggressive exchange, William is more likely than Chad to break it off
C) Chad is more likely than William to be punished
D) William is more likely than Chad to be accused of misbehaviors, even when he is behaving appropriately
D) William is more likely than Chad to be accused of misbehaviors, even when he is behaving appropriately
Sean and Sybil’s parents hear an announcement on TV that asks, “Parents, do you know where your children are?” Their answer is, “No, and we don’t really want to know where they are.” Sean and Sybil’s parents are low on which dimension of parenting?
A) warmth
B) hostility
C) control
D) indifference
C) control
Which of the following is a way in which media consumption impacts social development?
A) Educational TV promotes prosocial behavior
B) Entertainment TV has an orienting response, making it difficult for children to pay attention.
C) Children are exposed to advertising more and learn how to pick up on manipulation tactics.
D) Media promotes the idea of the “thin ideal” which impacts self-concept.
A) Educational TV promotes prosocial behavior
Which of the following is an example of instrumental aggression?
A) Tony pushed Joyce out of the way so that he can get to the swing first
B) Abe doesn’t allow Justin to play with the other children
C) Amy tells Diana that she wants the paint brush that Diana is using
D) Natalie spreads rumors about Yolanda because Yolanda stole money from her
A) Tony pushed Joyce out of the way so that he can get to the swing first
Latchkey children
A) are likely to engage in antisocial behavior
B) tend to show high levels of anxiety
C) are more dependent than children who are cared for by their mothers
D) need to be mature enough to handle the responsibility
D) need to be mature enough to handle the responsibility
A child who reasons at the preconventional level would help another person because:
A) she is afraid that others would disapprove of her if she didn’t help
B) she has a moral principle of responsibility for others
C) she might get a reward for helping
D) helping is a good behavior that is valued by society
C) she might get a reward for helping
Jade spends much of her time at her grandmother’s house, with her grandmother taking care of her daily needs for food, clothing, and attention. Her grandmother is often the one who goes to school to meet with Jade’s teacher and to see Jade when she takes part in various school activities. Jade’s grandmother would be described best as having which of the following grandparenting styles?
A) Influential
B) Supportive
C) Passive
D) Authority-oriented
A) Influential
Playing "hide and seek" is an example of:
A) cooperative play
B) parallel play
C) pretend play
D) associative play
A) cooperative play
Parents get involved in the preschool children’s play in several ways. When parents take on the role of playmate:
A) their primary job is to resolve conflicts
B) they have the opportunity to scaffold their children’s play
C) their children demonstrate only basic forms of play
D) their children become less successful playing with other children
B) they have the opportunity to scaffold their children’s play