CH 9
Determining the category membership based on whether the object meets the definition of the category, relies on family resemblance
What is the definitional approach of categorization?
When you "see" in the absence of a visual stimulus
What is visual imagery?
Language is ________ across cultures
What is universal?
The circle problem demonstrates this
What is called representation and restructuring?
The fact that animals tend to share many different properties
What is crowding?
An average representation of the "typical" members of a category
What is a prototype?
When the memory for words that evoke mental images is better than for those that do not (Paivio, 1963-1965)
What is the conceptual peg hypothesis?
The psychological process by which humans acquire and process language
What is psycholinguistics?
When an object's use is restricted to its familiar functions (has to do with the candle problem and the two-string problem)
What is functional fixedness?
Reasoning that is based on observation, and conclusions are reached from evidence
What is inductive reasoning?
A category member that does not closely resemble the category prototype
What is low prototypicality?
Where imagery neurons respond to both perceiving and imagining an object in the brain
What is the visual cortex?
When we respond faster to high-frequency words compared to low-frequency words
What is the word frequency effect?
A preconceived notion about how to approach a problem that is based on a person's past experiences
What is a mental set?
The theory that people are rational and will make a decision that results in the maximum expected utility if they have all relevant information
What is the expected utility theory?
When a concept is represented by multiple examples instead of a single prototype
What is the exemplar approach?
When a patient ignores objects in one half of visual field in perception and imagery
What is unilateral neglect?
When some words are used more frequently than others
What is meaning dominance?
The ability to transfer experience from one problem to another
What is analogical transfer?
Judgements that demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems
What is warmth judgements?
When a specific exemplar more similar to a known category member is categorized faster
What is the family resemblance effect?
Patient that could draw objects in great detail from memory, but was unable to name pictures of objects
Who/what is patient C.K.?
A method of parsing where listeners use heuristics to group words into phrases and the grammatical structure of the sentence determines parsing
What is the garden path model of parsing?
Three things that creative people do differently
What is daydreaming, solitude, and mindfulness?
Hypothesis that distinguishes sensory attributes and function
What is sensory-functional hypothesis?