Science of Psychology
Biology & Behavior
Sensation & Perception
Consciousness
Grab Bag
100
Psychology is sometimes criticized for “proving the obvious.”
"Research finds that regular vigorous exercise increases appetite in the long-run."
Why can we not assume that people generally know everything about behavior and mental processes?
"Research finds that regular vigorous exercise increases appetite in the long-run."
Why can we not assume that people generally know everything about behavior and mental processes?
Empirical research is needed to distinguish between accurate and inaccurate “intuitive” assumptions
100
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
a) temporarily stimulates or disrupts the function of a part of the brain
b) records where radioactive substances are concentrated as the brain performs various tasks.
c)measures general electrical activity in the brain.
d) uses a magnetic field to detect changes in blood flow and oxygen in the brain.
a) temporarily stimulates or disrupts the function of a part of the brain
b) records where radioactive substances are concentrated as the brain performs various tasks.
c)measures general electrical activity in the brain.
d) uses a magnetic field to detect changes in blood flow and oxygen in the brain.
---> a) TMS (Transcranial magnetic stimulation)
b) PET (positron emission tomography)
c) EEG (electroencephalograph)
d) fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)
100
Your blind spot is located ________
a) where visual fibers cross at the optic chiasm
b) in the center of the fovea
c) where the optic nerve leaves the eye
d) no where (the brain uses both eyes to see)
a) where visual fibers cross at the optic chiasm
b) in the center of the fovea
c) where the optic nerve leaves the eye
d) no where (the brain uses both eyes to see)
c)
100
Conciousness is…
A) a well-defined dichotomous state separate from unconsciousness
B) the awareness of the outside world and our mental activity
C) the mind’s active inhibition of unacceptable sexual and aggressive impulses
D) not affected by drugs or other environmental influences
A) a well-defined dichotomous state separate from unconsciousness
B) the awareness of the outside world and our mental activity
C) the mind’s active inhibition of unacceptable sexual and aggressive impulses
D) not affected by drugs or other environmental influences
B)
100
Define: Psychology
a) analysis of how people think, relate to, influence, and are influenced by others
b) study of mental processes including sensation, perception, memory, thinking, consciousness, and intelligence
c) conduct of research on the causes of behavior disorders and interventions
d) science of seeking to understand behavior and mental processes, and to apply that understanding in the service of human welfare
a) analysis of how people think, relate to, influence, and are influenced by others
b) study of mental processes including sensation, perception, memory, thinking, consciousness, and intelligence
c) conduct of research on the causes of behavior disorders and interventions
d) science of seeking to understand behavior and mental processes, and to apply that understanding in the service of human welfare
--> d)
a) social psychology
b) cognitive psychology
c) clinical psychology
a) social psychology
b) cognitive psychology
c) clinical psychology
200
Which of the following statements about Frontline’s Prisoners of Silence video is TRUE:
a) Facilitated Communication (FC) is an effective communication tool.
b) Program staff intentionally misled people for financial profit.
c) Although FC was accepted by users and facilitators, it was necessary to evaluate the treatment with controlled research.
d) FC was a highly controversial technique for helping people with problem behavior learn to manage their anxiety with the help of a human facilitator for emotional support.
a) Facilitated Communication (FC) is an effective communication tool.
b) Program staff intentionally misled people for financial profit.
c) Although FC was accepted by users and facilitators, it was necessary to evaluate the treatment with controlled research.
d) FC was a highly controversial technique for helping people with problem behavior learn to manage their anxiety with the help of a human facilitator for emotional support.
C) Control = Double Blind Test
The goal of science is to prove something *wrong.*
The goal of science is to prove something *wrong.*
200
This is Bob's foot:
After contacting the sharp tack, the part of Bob's nervous system that directs him to withdraw his foot is his:
After contacting the sharp tack, the part of Bob's nervous system that directs him to withdraw his foot is his:
spinal cord
200
Sound is a repetitive fluctuation in the pressure of a medium, such as air.
a)________ is determined by the amplitude of the sound wave.
b)___________, depends on the frequency of sound waves.
c) ________ is sound’s quality. It is caused by complex wave patterns that are added onto the lowest, or fundamental, frequency of a sound.
a)________ is determined by the amplitude of the sound wave.
b)___________, depends on the frequency of sound waves.
c) ________ is sound’s quality. It is caused by complex wave patterns that are added onto the lowest, or fundamental, frequency of a sound.
a) loudness
b) pitch
c) timbre
b) pitch
c) timbre
200
Circadian rhythms are regulated by what? (HINT: our "internal biological clock?")
suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN)
200
Find at least 4 errors (APA 6th edition rules for scholarly online journal articles):
1) ampersand
2) order of initials
3) Year of publication
4) no quotes/Only first word capitalized
5) itallics/no issue number
6) DOI
300
Which is not a critical thinking question to test a claim?
a) What am I asked to believe or accept?
b) Do most people agree with this claim?
c) Is evidence available to support the claim?
d) Can that evidence be interpreted another way?
e) What evidence would help to evaluate the alternatives?
a) What am I asked to believe or accept?
b) Do most people agree with this claim?
c) Is evidence available to support the claim?
d) Can that evidence be interpreted another way?
e) What evidence would help to evaluate the alternatives?
b)Do most people agree with this claim?
Bandwagon fallacy:"the majority is always right"
Bandwagon fallacy:"the majority is always right"
300
You are in beautiful Yosemite National Park when suddenly a bear appears at your campsite.
Your _________ nervous system triggers your "fight or flight" responses.
After the bear leaves your camp site, you begin to relax and
your ________ nervous system triggers your "rest and digest" responses.
Your _________ nervous system triggers your "fight or flight" responses.
After the bear leaves your camp site, you begin to relax and
your ________ nervous system triggers your "rest and digest" responses.
Sympathetic nervous system (Spends energy)
Parasympathetic nervous system (Preserves energy)
Parasympathetic nervous system (Preserves energy)
300
__________ processing is guided by knowledge, expectations, and other psychological
factors.
__________ processing relies on specific, detailed information elements from the sensory receptors that are integrated and assembled into a whole.
__________ processing relies on specific, detailed information elements from the sensory receptors that are integrated and assembled into a whole.
Top-down
Bottom-up
Both are involved in recognition.
Bottom-up
Both are involved in recognition.
300
This theory describes dreams as meaningless by-products of REM sleep.
activation-synthesis theory
hindbrain *activates* the cerebral cortex with random messages
dreams result as the cortex *synthesizes* these random messages
hindbrain *activates* the cerebral cortex with random messages
dreams result as the cortex *synthesizes* these random messages
300
What does "plasticity" in the brain mean?
the brain’s ability to strengthen neural connections and establish new connections.
During development: brain overproduces neural connections, and later eliminates the extras.
Nevertheless, during adulthood, more stimulating environments produce greater numbers of connections.
During development: brain overproduces neural connections, and later eliminates the extras.
Nevertheless, during adulthood, more stimulating environments produce greater numbers of connections.
400
The (A) group receives the treatment. The (B) group receives no treatment. The variable that the researcher manipulates is the (C) variable. The variable that the researcher measures for an effect is the (D) variable. Flaws in experimental control include (E) variables, which are factors that might have affected the dependent variable along with or instead of the independent variable.
(A) experimental
(B) control group
(C) independent
(D) dependent
(E) confounding:
(e.g., random variables, participant expectations, and experimenter bias)
(B) control group
(C) independent
(D) dependent
(E) confounding:
(e.g., random variables, participant expectations, and experimenter bias)
400
Clive Wearing was unable to remember new information for longer than 30 seconds because of significant damage to his _______________.
The _______ hemisphere controls spoken language, and the _______ hemisphere controls recognition of faces and tasks dealing with spatial relations, such as drawing three- dimensional shapes.
The ___________ is involved in fear and other emotions.
The _______ hemisphere controls spoken language, and the _______ hemisphere controls recognition of faces and tasks dealing with spatial relations, such as drawing three- dimensional shapes.
The ___________ is involved in fear and other emotions.
hippocampus
left; right
amygdala
left; right
amygdala
400
I tell you to listen to 'Stairway to Heaven' played backwards to hear it say, 'So here's to my Sweet Satan.' "
You listen and sure enough the song appears to say that message. Why should you be skeptical re: the deliberate placement of satanic subliminal messages?
You listen and sure enough the song appears to say that message. Why should you be skeptical re: the deliberate placement of satanic subliminal messages?
the message you heard was influenced by your motivations/expectations not by the tapes’ "subliminal" content.
400
Name that sleep disorder:
a) Difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep
b) Sudden switching from a waking state to REM sleep
c) Frequent episodes of interrupted breathing while asleep
d) Death in an infant caused by interrupted breathing
e) Frightening dream images during non-REM
f) Frightening dream images during REM sleep
a) Difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep
b) Sudden switching from a waking state to REM sleep
c) Frequent episodes of interrupted breathing while asleep
d) Death in an infant caused by interrupted breathing
e) Frightening dream images during non-REM
f) Frightening dream images during REM sleep
a) insomnia
b) narcolepsy
c) sleep apnea
d) Sudden Infant Death syndrome (SIDS)
e) Night terrors
f) Nightmares
(Bonus: was there another sleep disorder?)
b) narcolepsy
c) sleep apnea
d) Sudden Infant Death syndrome (SIDS)
e) Night terrors
f) Nightmares
(Bonus: was there another sleep disorder?)
400
Opiates have the following effects:____________. An example of an opiate is ______________
Hallucinogenic drugs have the following effects:____________. An example of an hallucinogenic drug is ______________
Hallucinogenic drugs have the following effects:____________. An example of an hallucinogenic drug is ______________
opiates: induces sleep, relieves pain, causes feelings of well-being, dreamy relaxation.
opium, morphine, heroin, codeine
Hallucinogenic drugs: create a loss of contact with reality
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), katamine, marijuana
opium, morphine, heroin, codeine
Hallucinogenic drugs: create a loss of contact with reality
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), katamine, marijuana
500
Describe the difference between random variable, random sample, and random assignment.
Random variables are uncontrolled factors such as differences among participants (background, physical health, personalities, or vulnerability to stress, etc.).
Random sampling is used to ensure that the people studied are representative of some larger group.
Random assignment is used in experiments to create equivalence among various groups.
Random sampling is used to ensure that the people studied are representative of some larger group.
Random assignment is used in experiments to create equivalence among various groups.
500
Using the diagram, explain the steps of an action potential
action potential (electrochemical pulse) --> axon ---> neurotransmitter ---> synapse --> (refractory period) ---> receptors on the dendrites ---> next cell
500
The illusion that results from the lights flashing on and off in sequence is called _____________. One explanation of why the "moving dot" turns to green is ____________. Focus on the +, all the pink dots will slowly disappear because of _____________.
stroboscopic motion
opponent-process theory of color vision
sensory adaptation
opponent-process theory of color vision
sensory adaptation
500
____________ are psychoactive drugs that inhibit the functioning of the central nervous system. Two examples are: _____________ and _____________ .
____________ are psychoactive drugs that increase behavioral and mental activity. Two examples are: _____________ and _____________ .
____________ are psychoactive drugs that increase behavioral and mental activity. Two examples are: _____________ and _____________ .
CNS depressant drugs; alcohol, barbiturates, GHB (Gamma hydroxybutyrate)
CNS stimulating drugs; amphetamines, cocaine, MDMA, nicotine, caffeine
CNS stimulating drugs; amphetamines, cocaine, MDMA, nicotine, caffeine
500
If I want to see a faint star, why do I have to look slightly away from it?
Doing so moves the image off the fovea (concentrated with cone cells) and onto parts of the retina that have more light-sensitive rod cells.