Definitions
True/False
Variables
Measurement
Measurement 2
Experimental Designs
Visual Analysis
Misc.
100
What is a stimulus?
A singular thing that you experience through your sessions.
100
Behavior analysts consider private events as behaviors.
True.
100
What is an independent variable?
A publicly observable change controlled by the experimenter that is anticipated to influence behavior in a specific way.
100
What is frequency?
The response count divided by the time or opportunity to respond.
100
What is magnitude?
The force or intensity of a behavior.
100
How many phases does a comparison (AB) design have?
Two
100
AKA for "bounce"
variability
100
What are the 2 assumptions that guide the science of behavior analysis?
1. Behavior is determined.
2. The scientific method is a valid way to identify the determinants of behavior.
200
What is behavior?
an individual living organism's activity (public or private) which may be influenced by internal or external stimulation.
200
A falsifiable hypothesis is the same thing as a mentalistic explanation.
False. A falsifiable hypothesis can be tested and a mentalistic explanation cannot.
200
What is a functional variable?
A variable that, when manipulated, reliably and systematically changes behavior.
200
What is latency?
The interval of time between the opportunity to respond and the response itself.
200
What is reactivity?
When behavior changes because the individual is aware they are being watched.
200
What type of single-subject design involves repeated exposure to BL and treatment conditions and a return to baseline that allows us to make conclusions about causation.
The reversal (ABA) design.
200
This graph depicts a change in....
Level
200
What are the two goals of behavior analysis?
1. To discover functional variables that may be used to positively influence behavior.
2. To predict behavior.
300
What are behavioral epigenetics?
The study of how nurture effects nature.
300
Individual behavior is determined by nurture alone.
False. It is determined by nature and nurture.
300
What is the dependent variable in behavior analysis?
Behavior
300
What is duration?
The interval of time between the start and the end of the behavior?
300
When should you use outcome recording?
When observation could cause reactivity and when the behavior leaves distinct, lasting products.
300
Which design involves rapidly turning ON and OFF the independent variables to evaluate if this systematically and repeatedly changes behavior?
The alternating-treatments design
300
This graph depicts a change in...
Trend
300
What are 4 dimensions of behavior that we can objectively measure?
frequency, latency, duration, magnitude
400
What is determinism?
Behavior has a knowable cause or causes.
400
Applied behavior analysts research and practice behavioral service delivery in clinical settings.
True.
400
What is a confounded variable?
A variable that influences behavior within an experiment, but is not controlled by the researcher.
400
What is event recording?
Recording each instance behavior at the moment it occurs.
400
Which direct observation method estimates how frequently behavior occurs by recording whether or not behavior occurs during any portion of a series of intervals?
Partial-interval recording
400
Which single-subject design evaluates the functional relation between an IV and DV by conducting a series of time-staggered A-B comparisons either across behaviors, across situations, or across individuals?
Multiple-baseline design
400
This graph depicts a change in....
Variability (bounce)
400
What are 3 types of replication?
across individuals, across labs, within-individual
500
What is a behavioral/operational defintion?
A precise specification of the topography of the target behavior, allowing observers to reliably identify instances and non-instances.
500
A comparison (or AB) experimental design can imply causation.
False. It is a quasi-experimental design, so it can only imply correlation.
500
What is internal validity?
When an experiment provides clear evidence that a functional relation exists between the IV and DV.
500
What type of direct-observation method is used to estimate how frequently behavior occurs by recording whether or not behavior occurs throughout each interval in a series of intervals?
Whole-interval recording.
500
What direct-observation method would you use to measure latency and duration of a behavior?
Duration.
500
What are the 4 defining features of single-subject experimental designs?
•Focus on individual subjects
•They experience both ON and OFF conditions
•Repeatedly measure behavior in each phase
•Assess internal validity through replication and controlling confounding variables
500
What is visual analysis?
Looking at a graph of time-series data to evaluate if a convincing change occurred when the independent variable was introduced/removed.
500
What is inter-observer agreement or IOA?
The extent to which two independent observers’ data are the same after having directly observed the same behavior at the same time.
600
What does it mean if a behavioral definition has social validity?
The consumer of the intervention or an expert in the field indicates that the behavioral definition accurately reflects the behavior of interest
600
Self-report and direct observation are both methods for measuring behavior.
True.
600
Which variable is being turned ON and OFF during an experiment?
The independent variable.
600
How do you calculate interobserver agreement?
(Agreements)/(Agreements+disagreements)*100
600
What is the difference between latency and duration?
Duration is recording the onset and offset of the behavior. The latency of the behavior is starting to record as soon as the opportunity to respond is presented (like an instruction) and the onset of the behavior.
600
What are 4 weaknesses of using a group design?
The use of control groups, overreliance on stats, the control and experimental groups are inherently different, and they focus on groups rather than individuals.
600
What are the three guidelines for conducting a visual analysis?
Step 1: draw a trend arrow through the baseline data to predict what will happen if the IV is never turned on
Step 2: eval if the bx in BL is too variable (bouncy) to have confidence in the prediction of the trend arrow
Step 3: draw trend or level lines (if no trend) through the intervention data. Evaluate if there is a convincing change in trend or level (depending on the change of interest)
600
What are 3 fields within behavior analysis and what do they do?
1. Organizational behavior management (OBM). They conduct research in the workplace.
2. Applied behavior analysis (ABA). They conduct research in clinics and provide behavioral service delivery.
3. Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB). They conduct research in a laboratory.