Theories of Development
Theories of Motor Development
Theories of Cognitive Development
CogDev From a Lifespan Perspective
Theories of Occupational Development
Evaluating Academic Literature
Wild Card
100
Under the biopsychosocial framework, which type of forces are the differences in how the same event affects people of different ages?
Life-Cycle Forces
100
Three of the four fundamental locomotion skills of childhood discussed in class are walking, running, and jumping. What was the fourth?
Balance
(Comparing static balance to dynamic balance)
100
Which concept was demonstrated by the "What is 8X8?" demo in class?
Strategic Variability or Cognitive Variability
100
In middle childhood, reading comprehension improves. What was one of the reasons given for this?
Working memory capacity increases
Children acquire more general knowledge of their world
Children use more appropriate reading strategies than they used to
Children monitor their comprehension better than they used to
100
What is one of the ways that people develop a sense of worth through work according to lecture?
Developing and becoming oneself
Creating union with others
Expressing oneself
Providing service to others
100
What's wrong with this graph?
The y-axes are presented in a misleading way.
100
Which lobe of the brain is the latest to fully develop and is most associated with decision-making, planning, and self-control?
The frontal lobe
Note. The pre-frontal cortex typically does not fully develop until approximately 25 years of age.
200
"The developing person is embedded in a series of interacting systems" is the main idea of which of the categories of theories on human development?
Ecological and Systems Theories
(e.g., Bronfenbrenner's Theory of Development)
200
According to our lecture on motor development, what are the four domains of human development?
Motor Development
Physical Development
Affective Development
Cognitive Development
200
How would a Vygotskyian theorist describe the skills, knowledge, and concepts that the learner is close to acquiring but cannot yet master without help?
The Zone of Proximal Development
200
Naive biological concepts like understanding the difference between animate and inanimate objects are characteristic of which of the stages of cognitive development discussed in the lifespan approach lecture?
Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
200
"Investigative," "Conventional," and "Realistic," are all personality types proposed by which theory?
Holland's Theory of Occupational Choice
200
What was the primary takeaway from López-Ferrer et al. (2022)?
The combination of verbal and visual feedback produces greater improvements in conceptual learning of the aspects to be developed during the reception of the volleyball, higher values in the self-perception of the students about their motor performance, and greater enjoyment, relative to verbal feedback or visual feedback individually.
200
Which famous psychological experiment from the 1960s had participants believe that they were delivering painful electric shocks to another person?
Stanley Milgram's Obedience Experiment
300
Which psychologist is most famously associated with behaviorism and learning?
B.F. Skinner
300
What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?
Qualitative data is non-numerical, descriptive data that captures qualities, characteristics, or meanings.
Quantitative data is numerical information that can be measured and expressed in numbers.
300
A child is 5 years old and is clearly exhibiting egocentrism in their thinking. According to Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development, in which stage would this child be?
Preoperational Stage
(2-7 Years Old)
300
In adolescence, information processing speed increases and adolescents develop better metacognitive skills. What is the third concept that was mentioned as a developing factor in adolescence from a lifespan perspective on cognitive development?
Reasoning about moral issues
(Typically advancing through the conventional stages of Kolberg's stages of moral development)
300
Who tends to participate in a greater range of leisure activities: Young adults or middle-aged adults?
Young adults
300
What was the primary takeaway from Becker et al. (2018)?
There may be a curvilinear relation between sport intensity and executive functions such that executive functions may be differentially, and curvilinearly, related to the amount of intensity exhibited in sporting activities by 3rd-graders.
300
According to the exercise-aging cycle, as people age, heart disease, fat levels, and anxiety tend to increase with age. What is one thing that tends to decrease?
Physical Activity
Exercise
Physical Abilities
Strength
Energy
Self-Esteem
400
Also including Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Theory of Human Development, which perspective on human development was championed originally by Sigmund Freud?
The Psychodynamic Perspective on Human Development
400
The idea that development has a "goal" is exemplary of which of the six elements of developmental change?
Developmental change is directional
400
What is the main argument of Siegler's Overlapping Waves theory?
Children do not rely on a single way of thinking at a given stage as Piaget suggested; rather, they use multiple strategies at the same time (like overlapping waves).
400
By approximately what age, according to lecture, have most children learned the addition tables well enough that sums of single-digit integers are simply retrieved from memory?
8 to 9 Years Old
400
Within the framework of the lecture on occupational development, what is alienation?
When workers feel that what they are doing is meaningless and that their efforts are devalued, or when they do not see the connection between what they do and the final product.
400
What is the relation between a sample and a population?
A sample is the specific participants in a research study (e.g., 30 College of Wooster students); whereas a population is the researcher's broader grouping of interest from which the sample is pulled (e.g., all college students).
400
When was the last time a team from Ohio defeated the Ohio State Buckeyes in football, and who was the team?
October 8, 1921
Oberlin College defeated OSU by a score of 7-6
500
Each of the different perspectives on human development have different opinions on nature-nurture, continuity, and universal principles. Which category of theories put the strongest emphasis on nature in the nature-nurture debate?
Cognitive Theories (e.g., Piaget)
500
What is the term for the capacity to undertake the physical tasks of daily life with success and with a given level of ease?
Physiological Functional Capacity
Note. This capacity tends to decrease in older adulthood.500
Which theory of cognitive development emphasizes that children are "little detectives" and they construct hypotheses to explain everything they see and hear?
Theory-Theory of Cognitive Development
500
According to the lecture on a lifespan perspective on cognitive development, when do older adults struggle the most when it comes to information processing?
When they must direct their own attention instead of being instructed on where they should direct their focus.
500
What are the five stages of Super's Theory of Occupational Development?
1. Implementation
2. Establishment
3. Maintenance
4. Deceleration
5. Retirement
500
What is the difference between a hypothesis and a research question, and how are they related?
Research questions represent the underlying points of investigation that drive research projects. For example, how is feedback related to accuracy on math problems?
Hypotheses are specific, testable, predictions. For example, "We predict that students in the feedback group will be more accurate on the posttest math problems than participants in the no-feedback group."
500
What is the name of the manual most commonly used by psychological clinicians in the United States to classify mental disorders, and which edition is most current?
The DSM-V-TR
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Fifth Edition, Text Revision (Published in 2022; 5th edition published in 2013).
