Sport Psychology in Childhood
Sport Psychology in Childhood II
Sport Psychology in Adolescence
Sport Psychology in Adolescence II
Efficacy in Sports
Evaluating Academic Literature
Unit 1 Questions
Wild Card
100
What is physical literacy?
The motivation, confidence, physical competence, understanding, and knowledge to maintain physical activity at an individually appropriate level
100
Based on what we discussed in class, should young children (e.g., 8-year-olds) be encouraged to try more than one sport?
You must provide at least one reason to support your answer.
Yes
Sport specialization (playing only one sport) is associated with (a) earlier dropout rates from sport and (b) increased risk of injury.
100
Another name for those of equal power and standing is ____.
...peers.
100
True or False
According to lecture, athletes tend to not want to involve coaches in conflict
True
100
What word did we discuss as an often-used synonym for "self-efficacy" in class?
Confidence
100
According to Dr. Scheibe _______ are for variables; _____ are for people.
relations; relationships
100
Who tends to participate in a greater range of leisure activities: Young adults or middle-aged adults?
Young adults
100
At baseball games, which inning is "Take Me Out to the Ballgame" traditionally sung?
Halfway through the 7th inning (the 7th-inning stretch).
200
Provide one reason why people engaged in youth sports should care about psychological skills training
(Four possible answers)
1. Pressure in an inherent part of organized youth sport
2. Young athletes are capable of using psychological skills and strategies
3. Psychological skills training builds a foundation for immediate and long-term development
4. Psychological skills training can have parallel benefits for life skills and character development
200
Broadly, and according to Piaget, what is the overarching transition in cognitive development from childhood to early adolescence?
Concrete to abstract thinking
200
What term is being defined here?
The premature commitment to an identity without exploring other options.
Identity Foreclosure
200
What term is being defined here?
The sport-related component of self-concept.
Athletic Identity
200
Shohei thinks that he should get the ball for Game 5 of the World Series even though he pitched Game 4 because he does not have much confidence in Blake (who will likely start Game 5 for the Dodgers). This is an example of low levels of ____ efficacy.
...other...
200
What is the difference between a review and a meta-analysis?
A review does not involve any mathematical calculations; whereas a meta-analysis provides an effect size across many different studies.
200
What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?
Qualitative data is non-numerical, descriptive data that captures qualities, characteristics, or meanings.
Quantitative data is numerical information that can be measured and expressed in numbers.
200
What is the oldest college or university in the state of Ohio and when was it founded?
Ohio University (Founded in 1804)
300
A short stop thinking about what they will do if a given type of groundball is hit their way, a shooting guard thinking about which direction to run before a ball is inbounded, and a tennis player thinking about how they will respond to a slice serve versus a flat serve are all examples of what?
Anticipatory actions
300
According to self-determination theory, what are three basic needs?
Autonomy
Competence
Relatedness
300
According to lecture and the cognitive-motivational-relational theory (Lazarus, 1999, 2000), athletes may perceive situations as threatening or _______, and as harmful or _______.
challenging; beneficial
300
According to Barki and Hartwick (2004), what are the two dimensions of the two-dimensional framework of interpersonal conflict?
Three core properties (disagreement, negative emotion, and interference)
Focus of the conflict (task at hand or interpersonal relationship context)
300
Physiological states and emotional states are two sources of information regarding self-efficacy judgments. Describe why it is the perceptions regarding the states and not the states themselves that influence self-efficacy judgments.
Because self-efficacy is definitionally a subjective construct. Thus, you cannot know a person's heart rate and determine their self-efficacy. Rather, the influence these states have on their judgments depends on how they interpret that information.
300
Preston et al. (2020) examined youth hockey players across a period of three years. According to this paper, players came and went across the duration of the study, but a core of about _____ players remained constant for all three years.
10
300
How would a Vygotskyian theorist describe the skills, knowledge, and concepts that the learner is close to acquiring but cannot yet master without help?
The Zone of Proximal Development
300
On which continent is the largest desert in the world?
Antarctica
(The Antarctic Polar Desert - roughly 5.5 million square miles. For reference, the Sahara Desert is approximately 3.6 million square miles).
400
What are two of the four defining statements of physical literacy?
[Need two for a correct answer]
Hint: C, C, I, A/A
Core: Lifelong holistic learning
Components: Integrates physical, affective, cognitive, and social capabilities
Importance: Vital to leading healthy and fulfilling lives
Aim/Aspiration: Builds on the other three defining statements to support health-promoting and fulfilling movement and physical activity throughout the lifespan (relative to context)
400
What is one reason why abstract and hypothetical reasoning is important for sports?
Hint: We discussed four reasons in class
Creating long-term goals
Visualizing sport strategies
Imagining "what if" scenarios
Self-regulation of thoughts and emotions
400
Pride, guilt, and jealousy are all examples of which type of emotions?
Self-conscious emotions
400
What is one of the six conflict recommendations for coaches discussed in class?
Buffer ego-involved features of the team climate
Provide feedback during practice
Engage in team building early on
Create team norms early on
Address conflict early on
Hold team meetings to discuss concerns
400
What is collective efficacy AND why is it hard to measure?
A group's shared beliefs in their conjoint capabilities...
A group's beliefs about their shared capabilities and likelihood for success.
It is hard to measure because it is group beliefs.
400
What is the relation between a sample and a population?
A sample is the specific participants in a research study (e.g., 30 College of Wooster students); whereas a population is the researcher's broader grouping of interest from which the sample is pulled (e.g., all college students).
400
What is the main argument of Siegler's Overlapping Waves theory?
Children do not rely on a single way of thinking at a given stage as Piaget suggested; rather, they use multiple strategies at the same time (like overlapping waves).
400
With 37 word and Olympic medals to her name, who is the most decorated gymnast of all time?
Simone Biles
500
According to lecture and the USTA, what are the six components / areas of focus in building resilient confident competitors?
(Need all 6 for the points)
Hint: P, P, GM, O, T, BB
Passion
Professionalism
Growth Mindset
Optimism
Toughness
Bounce Back
500
What was one (of three) practical recommendations for working with young athletes in early-to-middle childhood (5-10 years old)?
Create concise, concrete cues and goals
Provide plenty of opportunities for participation, skill learning, and having fun
Reinforce to young athletes what they are good at and provide opportunities for success
500
Three of the five strategies for fostering positive friendship quality in adolescent sports were companionship and pleasant play, loyalty and intimacy, and having things in common. What were the other two?
Self-esteem enhancement and supportiveness
Conflict resolution
500
In class we talked about ways 11 ways to integrate fun for youth athletes. Eight of them are listed below. What are the other three?
Trying hard
Learning and improving
Mental bonuses
Game time support
Positive team dynamics
Games
Practice
Team friendships
Team rituals
Positive coaching
Swag
500
Three of the six sources of self-efficacy judgments are performance accomplishments, verbal persuasion, and emotional states. What are the other three?
Vicarious experiences
Physiological arousal
Imaginal experiences
500
What was one of the mentioned psychosocial impacts of sports-related injuries mentioned in Haraldsdottir and Watson (2021)?
Impacts on quality of life
Fear of reinjury
Increased risk of mental health disorders
500
According to the lecture on a lifespan perspective on cognitive development, when do older adults struggle the most when it comes to information processing?
When they must direct their own attention instead of being instructed on where they should direct their focus.
500
Which famous astronomer is mentioned in Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody?"
Galileo