Observation
Experimental Methods
Variables
Statistics
Validity
100
Direct observation without intervention
What is naturalistic observation?
100
Correlation does not equal ______.
What is causation?
100
The variable that is manipulated in an experiment
What is the independent variable?
100
The "p" in p value represents this.
What is probability?
100
Validity refers to the ______ of a measure.
What is truthfulness or accuracy?
200
You count the number of cigarette butts in a designated smoking area. This is an example of indirect observation using ______.
What is a physical trace or a use trace?
200
In order to determine causation, a scientist must run a carefully ______ experiment.
What is controlled?
200
This is often referred to as a hidden variable.
What is a confounding variable?
200
A Pearson's r value gives you information about how 2 variables are ______.
What is correlated?
200
By sampling broadly, scientists hope to enhance ______ validity.
What is external?
300
The measure of agreement between 2 or more independent observers
What is interobserver reliability?
300
The subject design for a study in which school spirit of Barnard students and Columbia College students is compared
What is between-subject?
300
This is the measured variable.
What is a dependent variable?
300
The threshold for a p value in order to report a result as significant.
What is p<0.05?
300
Clear operational definitions help researchers gain ______ validity.
What is construct?
400
One justification for the use of disguised participant observation is to limit ______.
What is reactivity?
400
The admissions committee for a law school compares students' transcripts to determine if there are changes in the rigor of class selection and in student performance through the 4 years of college. This practice is based on this subject design.
What is within-subject or repeated measures design?
400
In a study entitled, "The effect of sleep on memory," the independent variable is ______.
What is sleep?
400
The stronger correlation given r values of 0.5 and -0.6
What is -0.6?
400
Confounding variables weaken the ______ validity of a study.
What is internal?
500
The use of blind observers and coded groups seeks to minimize ______.
What is observer bias or expectancy effect?
500
You want to design an experiment where you compare people based on marital status. However, you can't tell people to remain single, get married, or get divorced. You must rely on this group design to conduct your study.
What is a natural groups design?
500
The dependent variable in the implicit association test
What is reaction time or the D score?
500
In column (bar) graphs, the height of the column represents the group mean while the height of the error bar represents ______.
What is a measure of variability (SD, SEM)?
500
This sampling technique enhances external validity because it allows behaviors to be generalized in different locations.
What is situation sampling?
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