Attribution & Biases
The tendency to attribute others' actions to their personality but our own to the situation.
What is the actor-observer bias?
The three components of an attitude.
The three components of an attitude.What are cognitive, affective, and behavioural?
The change in behaviour due to real or imagined group pressure.
What is conformity?
A group is defined as ___ or more people who interact and influence each other.
What is two?
The affective component of prejudice.
What is prejudice?
The belief that people get what they deserve, often leading to victim-blaming.
What is the belief in a just world?
This theory says we infer our attitudes by observing our own behaviour.
What is self-perception theory?
In Milgram’s study, what percentage of participants gave the maximum shock?
What is 65%?
This theory explains how part of our identity comes from group membership.
What is social identity theory?
The cognitive component of prejudice.
What are stereotypes?
Jones & Harris (1967) study demonstrated this attribution bias.
What is the fundamental attribution error?
The uncomfortable feeling caused by inconsistency between attitude and behaviour.
What is cognitive dissonance?
This classic experiment involved line judgments and showed how people conform to group norms.
What is Asch’s conformity study?
Seeing outgroup members as “all the same” is called what?
What is outgroup homogeneity?
he behavioural component of prejudice.
What is discrimination?
The three key dimensions of Weiner's Attribution Theory.
What are locus, stability, and controllability?
This route to persuasion uses logic and requires motivation.
What is the central route?
Two main reasons why people conform.
What are informational influence and normative influence?
This effect causes people to act more negatively toward outgroups when their identity is threatened.
What is identity threat (or defensive aggression)?
One strategy that reduces prejudice by changing group boundaries.
What is re-categorization (or changing group labels)?
The bias where people overestimate how many others share their beliefs or behaviours.
What is the false consensus effect?
What happens when someone has high motivation and hears a loss-framed message?
What is they are more persuaded by it?
Three factors that reduce obedience in Milgram-style experiments.
What are presence of dissenters, less legitimate authority, and proximity to the victim?
Three functions that groups provide.
What are identity, protection, and self-esteem?
This researcher found that self-affirmation can reduce the need to stereotype others.
Who is Fein (or Fein & Spencer)?