Non Experimental Designs
What is a Non-Experimental research study?
Can the researcher manipulate the IV?
1. A study that looks at aspects of human existence that have already taken place/occurred
2. No, they do not have direct control over the independent variable. The researcher focuses on the CONNECTION to the variables they can't manipulate
What is Qualitative research?
An approach to gaining knowledge about the world. Constructivist or Advocacy participatory lens.
What is the phenomenological design? What is the goal?
1. When the researcher attempts to understand and describe how one or more participants experience a phenomenon
2. To not provide some explanation, simply to understand and describe
What is an Ethnographic study?
Focuses on the discovery, description, and interpretation of the shared and learned patterns of values, behaviors, beliefs, and language of a culture sharing group of people
What are attribute variables?
Characteristics, Traits, or experiences that the participant has in relation to another variable
What is a Correlational study?
What is a Spurious relationship?
1. A non-experimental research study designed to describe the relationships among variables
2. When the relationship between two variables can be explained by a third
What is a narrative design?
Using stories to describe an experience or phenomenon
What is a phenomenon?
What is the how, or some steps?
An object of the human experience
2. Conducting in-depth interviews with a person who has experienced a phenomena, developing descriptions of the essence of these experiences
What is the purpose of an Ethnographic study?
Can be a way of a method for studying a culture sharing group
Can also be the final written product of research
What is the Pew Research Center?
A research center that prides themselves on conducting survey research studies about a wide variety of concepts and topics
What is a Survey?
What are the problems?
1. A non-experimental research design whose goal is to use questionnaires, scales, or interview protocols to learn more about individuals attitudes, activities, opinions, and beliefs
2. Dishonest or untruthful responses, fatigue, boredom
What is narrative identity research?
Focuses on how humans have these stories that we tell ourselves about ourselves
What are some problems with phenomenological designs?
- Researcher must have at least some understanding of the broader philosophical assumptions of the phenomenon that they are studying
- The participants must be carefully chosen who all experienced the phenomenon
-Bracketing may be challenging for the researcher or impossible
What are some problems with Ethnographic studies?
A background in cultural anthropology and the meaning of the social-cultural system as well as the concepts are helpful
Data collection is extensive and involves spending a lot of time in the field
Reader
Sensitivity to the individual needs of the study, the role of the researcher the impact that they may have on the people and places being studied
The researcher may become compromised by the research study or become too involved in the data collection that they lose their objective perspective
What are some questions to consider in regards to narrative research?
Who owns the story? Who can tell it? Who can change it? Whose version is convincing? What happens when narratives compete? As a community, what do stories do among us?
What is a Trend design?
What is a Cross-Sectional design?
1. When independent samples are taken successively from a population over time and the same questions are asked
2. Conducted at a single time period and data is collected from multiple groups
What are the 3 types of narrative research studies?
1. Biographical
2. Life Story
3. Oral History
What is a Grounded theory study?
When the researcher generates a general explanation a theory of a process, action, or interaction shaped by the views of a large number of participants
What is a case study?
When the investigator explores a bounded system (a case) or multiple bounded systems over time, through detailed, in-depth data collection involving multiple sources of information (Observations, interviews, audiovisual material, documents, and reports) and reports a case description and case bound themes
What is Epoche/Bracketing?
When the researcher sets aside as much as possible their experiences to view the phenomenon from a fresh perspective
What is a Longitudinal study?
What is a Cross Sequential design?
1. Data is collected at two or more points often from the same groups of participants
2. A study in which two or more groups of individuals of different ages are directly compared over a period of time
- Requires a lot of information from the participants
- Context
- Active Collaboratin
What are some challenges or problems to Grounded theory?
1. The researcher must set aside theoretical ideas or notions that already exist so the new theory can emerge
2. Researcher must remember the main outcome of the study
3. Participants who are familiar with the construct under investigation
What are the problems with Case studies?
Identifying the case
Selecting between a single case or multiple cases (4 or 5 tend to be the limit)
Establishing boundaries around the case
What are the 3 types of Case studies?
1. INTRINSIC: Focus is on a single case because the case presents an unusual or unique situation
2.INSTRUMENTAL: Focuses on an issue or concerns and then selects one bounded case to illustrate this issue
3.COLLECTIVE: One issue or concern is selected and investigated by the researcher, but the inquirer selects multiple cases to illustrate this issue. The cases selected from multiple locations may show varying perspective on a single issue