Motivation and Emotion
When we become aware that our brain has detected danger, we have experienced a(n)
a. conscious fear.
b. reappraisal.
c. spillover effect.
d. amygdala activation.
a. conscious fear.
Which of the following is NOT one of the three main types of stressors?
a. Catastrophes
b. Significant life changes
c. Daily hassles
d. Pessimism
d. Pessimism
Prejudice is a mixture of all the following EXCEPT
a. generalized beliefs
b. negative emotions
c. hindsight bias
d. predispositions to actions
c. hindsight bias
Which of the following is an anxiety disorder that is characterized by constant, excessive, and unjustified anxiety about a wide range of issues and circumstances?
a. panic disorder
b. generalized anxiety disorder
c. agoraphobia
d. posttraumatic stress disorder
b. generalized anxiety disorder
Reinforcing desired behaviors and withholding reinforcement for undesired behaviors is most central to the process of
a. classical conditioning
b. free association
c. behavior modification
d. progressive relaxation
c. behavior modification
Sally has high achievement motivation. Which of the following will NOT be expected of Sally?
a. financial success
b. poor mental health
c. healthy social relationships
d. good physical health
b. poor mental health
The number of short-term illnesses and stress-related psychological disorders was higher than usual in the months following an earthquake. Such findings suggest that
a. daily hassles have adverse health consequences
b. experiencing a very stressful event increases a person’s vulnerability to illness
c. the amount of stress a person feels is directly related to the number of stressors experienced
d. daily hassles don’t cause stress, but catastrophes can be toxic
b. experiencing a very stressful event increases a person’s vulnerability to illness
Adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard is called
a. groupthink
b. mood contagion
c. social loafing
d. conformity
d. conformity
Cognitive changes that accompany depression include a(n)
a. decrease in self-focused thinking
b. increased expectation of negative outcomes
c. increased externalization of blame
d. increased obsession with experiencing physical pleasure
b. increased expectation of negative outcomes.
Biomedical therapists assume that the mind and body are a unit. This means that
a. they can easily be separated
b. therapeutic lifestyle change would be ineffective
c. they are interchangeable
d. if you affect one you affect the other
d. if you affect one you affect the other
Ned who is extremely thirsty after a 5-mile run, drinks a large bottle of water. Ned's thirst is an example of
a. a drive
b. a need
c. homeostasis
d. an incentive
a. a drive
Which of the following factors does not predict self-reported happiness?
a. Age
b. Personality traits
c. Sleep and exercise
d. Active religious faith
a. Age
When we overestimate he extent to which members of other groups are alike, we are perceiving
a. discrimination
b. prejudice
c. outgroup homogeneity
d. conformity
c. outgroup homogeneity
Unwanted repetitive thoughts and actions are characteristic of
a. generalized anxiety disorder
b. specific phobia
c. posttraumatic stress disorder
d. obsessive-compulsive disorder
d. obsessive-compulsive disorder
Psychoanalytic techniques are designed to help patients become aware of their repressed thoughts and feelings. In other words, the therapist is helping them gain _________ into the origins of their disorders.
a. analysis
b. interpretation
c. free association
d. insight
d. insight
Which of the following is not a situational influence on eating?
a. serving size
b. taste preference
c. food variety
d. nutritional nudges
b. taste preference
Which one of the following is an effective strategy for reducing angry feelings?
a. Retaliate verbally or physically.
b. Wait or “simmer down.”
c. Express anger in action or fantasy.
d. Review the grievance silently.
b. Wait or "simmer down."
Jack begins to yawn while he and his roommate are studying for their final exam. Soon his roommate begins to yawn, too. This best illustrates
a. the chameleon effect.
b. social loafing.
c. social facilitation.
d. deindividuation
a. the chameleon effect
Rats that received unpredictable electric shocks in a laboratory experiment became apprehensive when returned to that same setting. This illustrates that anxiety may result from..
a. operant conditioning
b. epigenetic marks
c. reinforcement
d. classical conditioning
d. classical conditioning
To help Connie quit biting her nails, a therapist coats her nails with terrible-tasting nail polish. The therapist is using
a. aversive conditioning
b. systematic desensitization
c. cognitive behavioral therapy
d. transference
a. aversive conditioning
Although instinct cannot explain most human motives, he underlying assumption that genes predispose some species-typical behaviors continues in...
a. evolutionary psychology
b. the Yerkes-Dodson law
c. arousal theory
d. drive-reduction theory
a. evolutionary psychology
When faced with stress, women are more likely than men to show a ________ and ______ response.
a. fight / flight
b. flight / freeze
c. tend / befriend
d. tend / lend
c. tend / befriend
Social psychologists have observed people's willingness to pick up dropped coins or pencils in elevators in order to study the...
a. self-fulfilling prophecy
b. mere exposure effect
c. reciprocity norm
d. bystander effect
d. bystander effect
Constantly thinking about whether your home is safe from break-ins is to ______, as checking the locks hundreds of times per day is to ________.
a. panic; agoraphobia
b. depression; compulsion
c. panic; phobia
d. obsession; compulsion
d. obsession; compulsion
Identifying and eliminating socially stressful conditions that contribute to psychological disorders is of most central interest to the advocates of
a. exposure therapy
b. the biomedical therapies
c. preventative mental health
d. cognitive therapy
c. preventative mental health