Learning 1
A semi-permanent change in behavior brought by experience or practice.
What is learning?
This is a type of learning that involves associating a VOLUNTARY behavior and a consequence.
What is operant conditioning?
The mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and understanding (i.e., thinking, learning, remembering, problem-solving).
What is cognition?
This type of long-term memory involves how to perform tasks, procedures, or skills, both mental and physical.
What is implicit memory?
This is the part of the brain that processes pleasure and motivates reward-seeking behaviors by producing a rush of dopamine.
What is the nucleus accumbens?
An involuntary response.
What is a reflex?
A pleasant event or object that when introduced, INCREASES the frequency of a behavior.
What is a positive reinforcer?
This is a mental construct that organizes related concepts.
What is a schema?
This is a type of explicit memory that stores general knowledge (i.e. just facts and information, NOT events you were involved in).
What is semantic memory?
These are specific patterns of reinforcement that determine WHEN a behavior will be reinforced.
A naturally-occurring stimulus that causes a reflex.
What is unconditioned stimulus (or UCS)?
An unpleasant event or object that when introduced, DECREASES the frequency of a behavior.
What is positive punishment?
This is an inferred phenomenon that explains the different degrees of adaptive success in people's behavior.
What is intelligence?
This happens when exposure to a stimulus (or prime) unconsciously influences how you respond to a subsequent stimulus.
What is priming?
This involves reinforcing a behavior EVERY TIME it occurs.
What is continuous reinforcement?
This is when a conditioned response to one object is exhibited in the presence of similar stimuli (hint: Little Albert).
What is stimulus generalization?
This is a process of reinforcing progressive steps toward a behavioral goal.
What is behavior shaping?
According to Cattell's Theory, this type of intelligence is measured by the ability to think abstractly, reason, and learn new things.
What is fluid intelligence?
This is the first of 3 memory processes and involves transforming sensory input into a mental representation.
What is encoding?
This schedule involves giving a reinforcement after a set number of responses.
What is a fixed ratio schedule?
This is the ability to differentiate between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and other stimuli that are similar.
What is stimulus discrimination?
This type of learning happens by observing someone else's behavior being reinforced.
What is vicarious reinforcement?
This type of intelligence evaluates a person's ability in terms of social skill, motivation, self-awareness, empathy, and self-management.
What is emotional intelligence?
This is one of the 3 types of memory, and links a thought through time from beginning to end, and fades after 10-12 seconds if not rehearsed.
What is short term (or working) memory?
This schedule, used frequently in gambling (e.g. slot machines), involves reinforcement after an unpredictable number of responses.
What is a variable ratio schedule?