Consciousness
A stage of sleep characterized by hypnagogic imagery and myoclonic jerks.
What is the hynagogic state/pre-sleep consciousness?
A stage of memory associated with the initial recording of information.
What is encoding?
You assume a quiet, bookish person is a librarian rather than a salesperson, despite knowing there are far more salespeople than librarians.
What is the representativeness heuristic?
A component of classical conditioning - a stimulus that naturally triggers a response.
What is the unconditioned stimulus?
A sleep disorder characterized by acting out your dreams.
What is REM behaviour disorder?
A stage of sleep characterized by sleep spindles
What is stage 2?
After seeing news reports about plane crashes, you overestimate the risk of flying and believe it is more dangerous than driving.
What is the availability heuristic?
When two stimuli are sufficiently distinct from one another that one triggers a conditioned response but the other doesn't.
What is stimulus discrimination?
What is implicit memory?
A theory of dreaming that states that dreams represent concerns about our daily life, consistent with everyday living.
What is the dreams for survival theory?
An effect that shows that we better remember stimuli presented first, and most recently.
What is the serial position effect?
When negotiating a car price, the salesperson starts with a high price, and your counteroffer remains higher than you intended because of this starting point.
What is anchoring?
This component of operant conditioning involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behaviour being repeated.
What is negative reinforcement?
A drug that was very popular in the 1970s that had a sedative and hypnotic effect.
What are quaaludes?
A sleep disorder characterized by a rapid and unexpected onset of sleep.
What is narcolepsy?
A type of amnesia where you are unable to create new memories after the point of trauma.
What is anterograde amnesia?
This bias occurs when people believe they could have predicted an outcome after it has already happened, even if there was no clear evidence at the time
What is hindsight bias?
This type of reinforcement schedule delivers a reward after an unpredictable number of responses, making it highly resistant to extinction.
What is variable-ratio schedule?
A teenager loses their phone privileges for staying out past curfew. This component of operant conditioning is being used.
What is negative punishment?
A kind of drug prescribed to treat anxiety and panic disorder.
What are benzodiazepines?
Where post-event information alters or becomes incorporated into the original memory.
What is the misinformation effect?
This hypothesis suggests that speakers of a language with multiple words for snow might perceive and categorize snow in ways that speakers of languages with fewer snow-related words cannot.
What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
This term describes learning that occurs without obvious reinforcement and only becomes apparent when there is an incentive to demonstrate it.
What is latent learning?
The sounds that our vocal apparatuses can produce.
What is a phoneme?