1
As the strength of a stimulus increases, the likelihood that______ will be reached increases as well.
a difference threshold
an absolute threshold
a heuristic
an algorithm
an absolute threshold
The cornea refracts, or______ light as it passes through.
bends
transmits
splits
reflects
bends
The perceptual phenomenon in which the stimulation of one sensory system involuntarily leads a person to experience an additional sensory response from a different sensory system is called
polythesia.
multithesia.
hyperthesia.
synesthesia.
synesthesia.
________is series of principles that describe how we organize bits and pieces of information into meaningful wholes.
Gestalt laws of organization
Taylor's principles of scientific management
The neoclassical perspective
The bureaucratic theory
Gestalt laws of organization
Consider the figure within parentheses: (XX XX XX). That we perceive three pairs of Xs reflects the Gestalt principle(s) of
symmetry.
proximity.
closure.
chromaticity.
proximity.
Weber's law states that a just noticeable difference is a
fixed value.
constant proportion of the intensity of an initial stimulus.
variable proportion of the intensity of an initial stimulus.
random value.
constant proportion of the intensity of an initial stimulus.
The transparent, protective window of the eye is known as the
retina.
pupil.
iris.
cornea.
cornea.
Which of the following ear structures is correctly paired with an auditory or body sense to which it is directly associated?
otoliths; body balance
semicircular canals; movement of the head
cochlea; acceleration of the body
eardrum; space sickness
semicircular canals; movement of the head
Most of the______ senses operate through nerve receptor cells located at various depths throughout the skin.
olfactory
auditory
taste
skin
skin
Perception that is guided by higher-level knowledge, experience, expectations, and motivations is known as
horizontal processing.
bottom-up processing.
top-down processing.
diagonal processing.
top-down processing.
"It's so noisy! How can you stand it?" remarks Caitlyn as the thruway traffic screams past her friend Dave's ground floor apartment. "I don't even notice it anymore," Dave replies. This exchange best exemplifies the concept of
adaptation.
accommodation.
acclimation.
attenuation.
adaptation.
If you want to focus on something of particular interest, you will automatically try to center the image on the______ to see it more sharply.
cornea
fovea
iris
pupil
fovea
Which of the following is a true statement about the middle ear?
It contains the cochlea and the basilar membrane.
It acts as a reverse megaphone, designed to collect and bring sounds into the internal portions of the ear.
It contains the hammer and the anvil.
It changes sound vibrations into a form in which they can be transmitted to the brain.
It contains the hammer and the anvil.
Under ideal circumstances, it is possible for someone to detect a single drop of perfume diffused in an area the size of a one-bedroom apartment. This is due to
absolute threshold.
difference threshold.
adaptation threshold.
psychophysical minimum.
absolute threshold.
Certain cues called______ cues permit us to obtain a sense for depth and distance with just one eye.
binocular
monocular
relative
texture gradient
monocular
The eardrum is a
part of the outer ear that vibrates when sound waves hit it.
thin membrane leading to the inner ear.
coiled tube in the inner ear filled with fluid that vibrates in response to sound.
vibrating structure that runs through the center of the cochlea, dividing it into an upper chamber and a lower chamber and containing sense receptors for sound.
part of the outer ear that vibrates when sound waves hit it.
The receptor cells that are related to vision in dimly lit situations are
lenses.
pons.
rods.
cones.
rods.
The cochlea is a
part of the outer ear that vibrates when sound waves hit it.
thin membrane leading to the inner ear.
coiled tube in the inner ear filled with fluid that vibrates in response to sound.
vibrating structure that runs through the center of the cochlea, dividing it into an upper chamber and a lower chamber and containing sense receptors for sound.
coiled tube in the inner ear filled with fluid that vibrates in response to sound.
The sense of smell is activated when molecules of a substance enter the nasal passages and meet the______ cells.
auditory
olfactory
umami
visual
olfactory
At night, the moon appears smaller when it is overhead than when it is on the horizon. This is an example of
perceptual constancy.
objective constancy.
virtual constancy.
direct constancy.
perceptual constancy.
Jenny bakes a cake for her sister's birthday party and asks the guests how the cake tastes. They tell her that the cake is too sweet. Jenny realizes that she must reduce the amount of sugar she adds to the cake by at least half a cup the next time so that the guests will notice it is less sweet than the previous one. Which of the following concepts does this example most closely illustrate?
absolute threshold
difference threshold
adaptation
mutation
difference threshold
Adelaide went ice skating and found that she was cold when she first went outside, but then she began to get used to it. What is one reason she was able to get used to the constant cold?
It is difficult for us to remember everything that we have to.
Sensory nerve receptors are unable to fire off messages to the brain indefinitely.
The sensation of the glasses on our head has not reached the absolute threshold for touch.
The difference threshold for touch is not great enough.
Sensory nerve receptors are unable to fire off messages to the brain indefinitely.
Which Gestalt principle is correctly aligned with its description?
similarity—the tendency to fill in small gaps in objects
simplicity—stimuli resembling one another tend to be grouped together
proximity—stimuli closer to one another tend to be grouped together
closure—stimuli are perceived in the most basic manner possible
proximity—stimuli closer to one another tend to be grouped together
Which depth cue is correctly matched with a description?
motion parallax—more distant objects produce smaller images on the retina
texture gradient—change in the body's position produces change in an object's retinal position
relative size—details becomes less distinct with increasing distance
linear perspective—objects in the distance appear to converge
linear perspective—objects in the distance appear to converge
Which of the following defines perceptual constancy?
the recognition that physical objects are consistent and do not vary, even though our sensory input about them changes
a phenomenon in which the stimulation of one sensory system leads to an additional sensory response in a different sensory system
the tendency to think of an object only in terms of the way it is most frequently or typically used
a strategy in which a problem-solver considers the ultimate goal and determines the best strategy for attaining the goal
the recognition that physical objects are consistent and do not vary, even though our sensory input about them changes