Memory
What are the three stages of memory?
Encoding, Storage, Retrieval
What is a mental shortcut that allows quick decisions but may lead to errors?
heuristic
What are the three main stages of prenatal development?
germinal, embryonic, fetal
According to Freud, which part of the mind operates on the pleasure principle?
ID
What is the fight or flight response? Which part of the nervous system is activated?
A physiological reaction to a threat the readies the body to either resist or flee.
Sympathetic nervous system
sensory memory
Erickson's stage for teens involves what key conflict?
identity vs. role confusion
What is a personality trait in the Big Five that describes how organized and dependable a person is?
Conscientious
What scale is used to measure life stress based on major events? Who created it?
Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)
Holmes & Rahe
What kind of memory is used when recalling facts for a test?
explicit (or declarative) memory
What is the difference between fluid and crystallized intelligence?
fluid = problem solving; crystalized =accumulated knowledge
Piaget's stage where children learn object permanence is called what?
sensorimotor stage
What type of test uses ambiguous images to assess unconscious processes?
Projective test (e.g. Rorschach Inkblot Test)
What hormone is often released during stress?
cortisol
What is the term for failure to think of a word you know, like when it's on the tip of your tongue?
retrieval failure
How many kinds of intelligence did Howard Gardner include beyond traditional IQ?
eight
multiple intelligence (musical, bodily kinesthetic, etc.)
What is the term for an environmental agent that harms a developing fetus?
teratogen
What is the James-Lange theory of emotion?
emotion is the result of physiological arousal (we feel afraid because we tremble)
What are problem-focused and emotion-focused coping?
problem-focused=solve the issue
emotion-focused = managing emotions
What technique involves grouping information to remember it more easily?
chunking
What is confirmation bias?
tendency to search for information that supports our beliefs and ignores contradictory evidence
What is the difference between assimilation and accommodation in cognitive development, according to Piaget?
assimilation = fit new info into existing schema; accommodation = changing schema to fit new info
What is locus of control and who developed this concept?
The belief whether outcomes are controlled by internal or external forces. Julian Rotter.
What are three stages of General Adaptation Syndrome? (GAS)
alarm, resistance, exhaustion