Methods
True or False - Experiments require at least two conditions.
True
This type of motivation comes from within—doing an activity simply because it is inherently enjoyable or interesting rather than for a paycheck.
Intrinsic
This "Fundamental" error involves overestimating personality traits and underestimating the situation when explaining others' behavior.
Fundamental attribution error
These mental structures help us organize our knowledge about the social world, like having a "script" for what happens at a restaurant.
Schemas
Shay sees a famous influencer advertising a new limited-stock protein bar brand and is instantly sold on it. What route to persuasion likely convinced Shay to want the product?
Peripheral
The relationship between time spent listening to music and levels of sadness is r = -0.19. This means that as time spent listening to music _________, sadness __________.
increases/decreases OR decreases/increases
According to this theory, seeing ourselves on camera in a Zoom meeting would make us want to act more in accordance with our values than if we left our camera off.
Self-awareness theory
Name the six emotions that are most accurately universally decoded.
Happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, surprise
Name one downside to Type 2 thinking.
Slow, effortful
Sam concludes that she must like Bad Bunny because she listens to his music a lot, as evidenced by him being in her Spotify Wrapped for the past two years. What does Sam's attitude towards Bad Bunny seem to be driven by?
Behavior
Which method of data collection could be best described as 'being a fly on the wall'?
Observational
Max tries to make himself feel better about his singing skills by looking at new singers who are even worse than him. Max is engaging in what kind of process?
What are the 2 dimensions of the 2-dimensional model of emotion (circumplex model)?
Arousal (high/low), valence (positive/negative)
You assume that a very successful CEO must also be an excellent parent despite having no other information about their personal life. This is an example of:
Halo effect
Which situation should lead a person to feel more post-decision dissonance - getting a tattoo or getting a haircut?
Getting a tattoo
________ designs assign different participants to each condition whereas ________ designs expose the same participants to all conditions.
Between-subjects, within-subjects
People with independent self-concepts are more likely to use this kind of impression management strategy.
Self-enhancing
Harry turns in an assignment late and attributes it to the fact that his family was visiting him that week rather than his time management skills. This is an example of...
Self-serving attribution
A politician is caught in a minor scandal. Despite their long record of public service and positive contributions, voters cannot forgive them. This is primarily an example of:
Negativity bias
This effect explains why people who undergo a "severe initiation" to join a group often end up liking the group more than those who had it easy.
Justification of effort
Using double-blind procedures helps boost the internal validity, external validity, or construct validity of a study?
Internal validity
Name one strategy for increasing self control via strengthening our volitional processes.
Redirecting attention to something else, creating specific implementation intentions (if-then plans), monitoring our thoughts from a 3rd person POV
The covariation model helps us predict whether we are more likely to make internal or external attributions for someone's behavior. The model suggests we need what three pieces of information about their behavior?
Consensus (Would other people respond the same way in this situation?)
Distinctiveness (Does this person respond to other situations in the same way?)
Consistency (Does this person act the same way consistently across time?)
Tyra is a model scout and her idea of a model is a tall, skinny woman. When she is scouting, she tends to only focus on those women and spends more time interviewing them. As a result, her agency consists mostly of tall, skinny women, confirming her belief that models are mostly tall, skinny women. This is an example of...
self-fulfilling prophecy
Imagine a chronic smoker who feels dissonance because they know that smoking is unhealthy. Name one way this person could reduce their cognitive dissonance.
- Decide that smoking isn't that dangerous (change belief)
- Quit smoking (change behavior)
- Justify that smoking helps them destress (add belief/justification)
- Avoid information about the health impacts of smoking (denial)