General PA Knowledge
What is the difference between PA and exercise?
PA is general, exercise is structured.
Define self-efficacy. What is one other construct that is the same that we learned about?
An individual's belief in their ability to accomplish a task successfully. Competence or perceived behavioural control or confidence.
Identify and define the three basic psych. needs of SDT
Autonomy - A sense of volition or self-direction to regulate one's behaviour
Competence - Belief in ability to successfully accomplish a task
Relatedness - a sense of belonging
What are the three types of stages in the HAPA?
Non-intenders, intenders, actors
Biomechanics relies on subfields of _____ and _______ whereas physiology relies on subfields of _______ and _______ to understand PA.
Physics & engineering
Biology & chemistry
What is the difference between exercise psychology and sport psychology?
EP - Non-elite athletes, focused on increasing PA and overall health
SP - elite athletes, focused on optimal performance
What are subjective norms?
Perception of the expectations of others and motivation to comply: perception of social pressures.
What type of model is the TTM? What is one advantage and disadvantage of stage models?
Stage model
Advantage - practical for placing people in stages and knowing where to go
Disadvantage - arbitrary timelines
What are the two processes of the HAPA? Describe them
Motivational - building intentions and motivation
Volitional - translating intentions into behaviour
Define retention and transfer in the context of motor learnign.
Retention: Measured by performing the task after a time without practice to determine recall.
Transfer: How practice on one task or in one context affects performance on a different but related task or in a different context.
What is the definition of sedentary behaviour?
Any waking activity carried out in a sitting or reclining position that is characterized by an energy expenditure less than 1.5 METS.
What are the four sources of self-efficacy. What is the strongest source?
Mastery experience
Vicarious experience
Verbal persuasion
Affective/Physiological States
What is one indicator or progression used in the TTM?
Self-efficacy, temptation, pros vs. cons (decisional balance)
Identify and describe the COM-B of the BCW? What do C, O, M stand for? What are the types of each?
Capability (physical, psychological)
Opportunity (physical, social)
Motivation (reflective, automatic)
Identify two assessment methods within the study of exercise physiology.
VI2 max, ergometers, blood samples, muscle biopsy, body composition, wearable technology
What are the PA guidelines for adults?
150 min of mod to vig activity per week - 2 days of resistance training
Identify one limitation of SET and the TPB
SET
Best for novel or challenging behaviours - limited generality when SE is increased
SE and outcome expectations sequence?
TPB
Intention-behaviour gap
Lack of experimental evidence
Attitudes stronger than SN and PBC
Are subjective norms important for PA?
What are the stages of the TTM in order?
Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
What is one pro and one con of the BCW?
It's simple and easy to understand, comprehensive, and it is evidence-based. It might be too simple, ae nuances of motivation important? Evidence of predictive ability is still emerging.
What does the research suggest for specialization in sport for children?
Participating in more than one sport per year is beneficial up to 15 years of age. Trying several different sports and engaging in deliberate play— can lead to both long-term participation and elite performance
Identify two of the six errors in behaviour change efforts.
It is just common sense
It is about getting the message across
Knowledge/info drive behaviour
People act rationally
People act irrationally
It is possible to predict accurately
Why did the TRA transition to the TPB? What are the added construct(s)?
TRA inadequate at explaining and predicting behaviours that require special skills and resources (e.g., exercise). Cognitions are important (PBC).
What are the four types of extrinsic regulation of SDT? From most non self-determined to most self-determined? Give an example of each.
External
Introjected
Identified
Integrated
What are the three types of self-efficacy in the HAPA?
Action, maintenance, recovery
Describe how neurobiology plays a role in PA behaviour?
Reward sensitivity, arousal reactivity, sensation-seeking