Mood Disorders
These are the two primary symptoms in major depressive disorder (MDD).
What are: depressed/irritable mood most of the day nearly every day, and anhedonia, or a loss of interest or pleasure in things one used to enjoy.
These are two methods of non-pharmacological evidence-based treatment for depression.
What are: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT)
Children with this condition, characterized by frequent and intense temper outbursts, were often misdiagnosed with Bipolar Disorder. (Hint: key features are only present in childhood, but do not persist into adolescence and adulthood)
What is: Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
What are the three defining features of ASD? (See if you can come up with an example of each)
1. impairment in social interactions
2. impairments in communication
3. restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities
An interdisciplinary field addressing physical, cognitive, social, and emotional functioning and development as related to health and illness issues in children, adolescents, and families
What is pediatric psychology?
This is the difference between major depressive disorder (MDD) and persistent depressive disorder (PDD).
What are less severe but more chronic symptoms in PDD.
These are the three factors (and examples!) implicated in the CBT model for depression.
What are:
Thoughts like “No one likes me” “Nothing I do is ever right” “I’m stupid” “I’m to blame”
Feelings like stress, guilt, helplessness, frustration
Behaviors like withdrawal, yelling, irritability, crying
In young children with Bipolar Disorder, this may present as pressured speech, racing thoughts and flight of ideas.
What is: Mania
What are early signs of ASD?
Lack of babbling, talking/language, shared joint attention. Poor eye contact. Limited response to name. Decline in language. Excessive lining up toys. Limited social responsiveness.
These are some of the tasks that pediatric psychologists do.
1. Direct services (assessment, therapy, etc) to children and families in hospitals, outpatient centers, community clinics, primary care, and schools
2. Research
3. Consultation and Liaison
4. Brief assessment/intervention that is NOT part of long-term/ongoing treatment
5. Program evaluation/development
6. Public health policy
True or false: Depressive symptoms are equally likely in preschoolers and school age children, but boys are twice as likely as girls to have depression beginning in early adolescence.
False: Depressive symptoms are equally likely in preschoolers and school age children, but girls are twice as likely as boys to have depression beginning in early adolescence.
These are examples of skills facilitated in behavioral activation.
What are: increased physical activity, healthy eating, sleep hygiene, daily fun activities, relaxation/meditation, taking care of yourself
Brain imaging studies have suggested that mood fluctuations associated with BD are related to abnormalities in these areas of the brain:
What are: amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, basal ganglia, anterior cingulate cortex
This aspect of treatment is very important in determining future life outcomes?
Timing- specifically early intervention leads to better life outcomes.
Nearly 1 in 10 (6 million) children and adolescents suffer from mental illness which disrupts daily functioning. Only a certain percentage of these children receive mental health services.
What is 20%?
These three factors are implicated in the association between ADHD and depression.
What are emotion regulation, reward responsivity, and family support.
These are methods of controlling your thinking.
What are: increasing positive and decreasing negative thoughts, thinking more constructively, identifying triggers, identifying negative/positive thoughts, identifying underlying negative beliefs
This diagnosis is characterized as being milder and more cyclical than _______ (characterized by mania lasting 7+ days) and _______ (characterized by at least 4 days of manic symptoms).
2) Bipolar I - Mania + MDE
3) Bipolar II - Hypomania + MDE
Do children with Autism use expressive or instrumental gestures more?
Instrumental gestures.
These are the psychosocial difficulties associated with pediatric diabetes
What are:
1. Adjustment (coping/denial)
2. Social anxiety (insulin administration, snack breaks)
3. Anxiety (medical visits, injections)
4. Stress (family communication, management)
These are two biological mechanisms implicated in depression.
What are: neurotransmitters & HPA axis!
These are the major findings of the TADS study.
What are: Meds only and meds+CBT provided the most accelerated response for moderate/severe depression in adolescents; but there were no significant differences between treatments after 36 weeks. Adding CBT to medication enhances the safety of medication.
In young children, milder ______ and _______ disorders are more common than _______.
1) Bipolar II
2) Cyclothymic
3) Bipolar I
What are the two most common co-occurring disorders with autism?
Intellectual disability and Epilepsy
In addition to cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression, effective treatments improving functioning for children with diabetes often include one or several of the following:
What are:
1. Family-based behavioral procedures (goal-setting, self-monitoring, positive reinforcement, behavioral contracts, supportive parental communications, appropriately shared responsibility for diabetes management)
2. Psychoeducational interventions
3. Promote problem-solving skills and increase parental support
4. Motivational interviewing
5. Realistic approaches to eating/food
6. Using technology to facilitate communication with providers