The idea that when we teach, we provide support in a systematic way, and fade to lesser and lesser prompts as we see success
What is the prompting hierarchy?
100
A model by Ruth Aspy and Barry Grossman which is based on building a strong foundation, and building up from there in order to support children on the ASD spectrum
What is the Ziggurat Model?
100
These are the three elements of Functional Behaviour Analysis (hint: ABC)
What are Antecedent, Behaviour, and Consequence?
100
This refers to the use of communication for social purposes, and is made up of the following components: joint attention, language, and symbol use / intention
What is Social Communication?
100
When something is removed in order to increase the likelihood of a behavior happening in the future.
What is negative reinforcement?
200
The type of prompting near the top of the hierarchy where we physically guide the hands of the individual to show him/ her what to do.
What is Hand Over Hand (or Full Physical Prompting)
200
The foundation of the Ziggurat Model, upon which all other elements should be based
What is sensory / biological?
200
These are strategies that are used BEFORE the behaviour occurs in order to prevent it
What are Antecedent strategies?
200
The ability to pay attention to the same thing someone else is paying attention to.
What is joint attention?
200
The cognitive ability to multitask, organize, and prepare.
What is executive function?
300
The type of prompt we want to avoid using too much, as it is the most likely to lead to prompt dependence.
What is verbal prompting?
300
When we provide incentives to increase the skills that an individual is already using in order to increase and build on those skills without teaching anything new. (Also known as Level 2 of Ziggurat)
What is reinforcement?
300
These are strategies aimed at teaching a new skill, such as a replacement behaviour
What are behaviour strategies?
300
Semantics, syntax, and pragmatics are the three components of this
What is Language Use?
300
The current version of the DSM which was published in May 2013
What is the DSM-V
400
The type of prompting where we place the correct choice / answer closest to the individual responding
What is positional prompting?
400
The level of the Ziggurat Model where we balance existing skills and knowledge with the demands we are placing on an individual to make sure we aren't asking too much.
What is Task Demands?
400
Reinforcement and planned ignoring are examples of these
What are consequence strategies?
400
Nonverbal communication deficits, initiation, reciprocity, and social cognition are all this type of challenge for individuals with ASD
What are social challenges?
400
Facial expressions, gestures, and body language are all examples of this
What is nonverbal communication
500
The type of prompt where we point towards the correct answer or next step
What is gestural prompting?
500
The top and final tier of the Ziggurat Model, where after all other levels are in place, we begin to introduce new skills.
What is "Skills to Teach"?
500
The process of collecting ABC data, analyzing it, and planning intervention based on the hypothesized function of behaviour
What is Functional Behaviour Analysis?
500
The first three phases are:
1. The Exchange,
2. Distance and Persistence, and
3. Discrimination
What IS PECS, or Picture Exchange Communication System
500
The two types of this are expressive and receptive