psych irl
the effect of a person believing treatment works because they expect it to work, even though the treatment has no active ingredient.
placebo effect
someone thinks they are much better at predicting the future than they actually are
overconfidence
A measure of how spread out scores are around the mean
Standard deviation
A broad explanation that organizes observations and helps psychologists make predictions.
Theory
A researcher asks people about their attitudes, behaviors, or opinions using a series of questions.
Survey
Jane Goodall observing chimps. What type of research is this?
Naturalistic observation
A researcher knows which participants received the experimental treatment and unconsciously rates their results more favorably.
experimentor bias
The most frequently occurring score in a dataset
Mode
The group who receives the treatment or condition being tested.
Experimental Group
the specific way a researcher defines and measures a variable.
An athlete has an amazing, outlier season, landing them on the magazine cover. On their next outing or season, their performance drops closer to their normal average.
Regression towards the mean
A person believes that after a coin lands on heads several times, tails is now "due"
Gamblers fallacy
The average of a set of numbers
mean
A researcher makes sure neither the participants nor the researchers know who receives the real treatment
Double Blind
A study is repeated by other researchers to see whether the same result can occur
replication
When a couple suddenly splits up, friends look back at minor awkward moments and claim the breakup was entirely obvious from day one.
Hindsight Bias
Aresearcher randomly selects people from a population, but then assigns them to groups based on their personality.
Not random assignment
the middle score when data is arranged from lowest-highest
median
A study consistency gives the same result, but the measurement is actually incorrect. Ia it reliable, valid, both, or neither?
Reliable but not Valid
a quality-control process where independent experts evaluate a researcher's experiment before it is published.
peer review
A researcher combines the results of many different studies to determine an overall pattern
Meta-Analysis
A researcher notices that students who spend more time studying tend to earn higher test scores. She concludes that studying more causes students to get higher scores.
correlation doesn't = causation
A correlation coefficient is −0.85. Is the relationship strong or weak, and is it positive or negative?
Strong negative correlation
In an experiment, it's an outside factor that affects both the independent and dependent variables, creating a false or misleading connection between them.
Confounding Veriable
If you want to find the cause and effect, what method would you do?
Experiment