Psychological Perspectives
This perspective emphasizes unconscious motives and early childhood experiences.
What is the psychodynamic perspective?
He demonstrated classical conditioning with dogs.
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
This type of memory is better recalled in the same emotional or physical state in which it was learned.
What is state-dependent memory?
This disorder involves extreme mood swings between mania and depression.
What is bipolar disorder?
This type of reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior recurring by removing an aversive stimulus.
What is negative reinforcement?
This perspective focuses on how rewards and punishments shape behavior.
What is the behavioral perspective?
This type of learning occurs when behavior is influenced by rewards or punishments.
What is operant conditioning?
Grouping information into manageable units to improve recall is known as this.
What is chunking?
Delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking are key features of this disorder.
What is schizophrenia?
He developed the hierarchy of needs with self-actualization at the top.
Who is Abraham Maslow?
He founded the theory that includes the id, ego, and superego.
Who is Sigmund Freud?
This experiment demonstrated the importance of modeling behavior in observational learning.
What is the Bobo doll experiment?
The disruption of memory retrieval due to new information interfering with old information.
What is retroactive interference?
The use of medications like antidepressants or antipsychotics falls under this type of therapy.
What is biomedical therapy?
This type of interference occurs when old information disrupts the recall of new information.
What is proactive interference?
This psychologist studied how children develop schemata to understand the world.
Who is Jean Piaget?
This type of reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behavior.
What is negative reinforcement?
A memory technique that involves linking new information to prior knowledge.
What is elaborative rehearsal?
This therapy helps patients change maladaptive thoughts and behaviors.
What is cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)?
This term refers to enduring patterns of behavior and inner experience that deviate from cultural norms.
What are personality disorders?
The perspective that focuses on self-actualization and personal growth.
What is the humanistic perspective?
This theorist proposed the Law of Effect, which states that behaviors followed by positive outcomes are more likely to recur.
Who is Edward Thorndike?
Stimuli that help access information stored in memory are called this.
What are retrieval cues?
The therapeutic approach that uses empathy and unconditional positive regard.
What is humanistic therapy?
This type of memory involves remembering information without cues, such as filling in the blanks on a test.
What is recall memory?