Historical Approaches & Ethics
What is the focus of Structuralism in psychology?
The focus of Structuralism is to analyze the structure of the mind through introspection and understanding its components.
What perspective in psychology focuses on mental processes such as thoughts and feelings?
The Cognitive perspective focuses on mental processes such as thoughts and feelings.
What is a gut feeling? Why can it be bad for psych experiments?
A sense of intuition. It can cause you to skew the results for the answers you want.
What is a hypothesis?
A hypothesis is a testable prediction about the relationship between variables.
What is a case study?
A case study is an in-depth examination of a single individual or group, often used to explore complex behaviors or conditions.
What does confidentiality mean?
Confidentiality means that personal information disclosed by participants during research will be kept private and secure.
Which perspective examines the role of the environment in shaping behavior?
The Behavioral perspective examines the role of the environment in shaping behavior
What is overconfidence? Why can it be bad in a pscyh study?
Being too cocky; overestimating your abilities. Can cause you to jump to assumptions or create a experiment that is impossible to pull off.
What are the steps of the scientific method?
The steps of the scientific method typically include: observation, hypothesis formulation, experimentation, analysis, and conclusion.
What is naturalistic observation?
Naturalistic observation involves observing subjects in their natural environment without interference.
What is an example of deception in experiments?
Lying to the participant about the meaning of the study. Other answers considered.
Give an example of a situation influenced by nature & nurture.
Answers vary.
What is a coincidence? Give an example.
Answers vary.
What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable?
An independent variable is manipulated by the researcher, while a dependent variable is measured to see if it changes in response to the independent variable.
How does a survey method work in psychological research?
A survey method collects data from a large group of people through questionnaires or interviews to understand attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors.
What did Behaviorism emphasize in the study of psychology?
Behaviorism emphasized the study of observable behavior and the role of the environment in shaping behavior
What is the focus of the Humanistic perspective?
The Humanistic perspective focuses on individual potential and stresses the importance of self-actualization.
Explain the concept of hindsight bias in research.
Hindsight bias is the tendency to see events as having been predictable after they have already occurred, often leading to an overestimation of one's ability to predict outcomes.
What is a control group?
A control group is a group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment and is used for comparison against the experimental group.
What is the purpose of correlational studies?
The purpose of correlational studies is to examine the relationship between two variables, determining if they are associated.
What is Functionalism and how does it differ from Structuralism?
Functionalism is the perspective that focuses on how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environments, differing from Structuralism, which analyzes the components of the mind.
How does the Biological perspective explain human behavior?
The Biological perspective explains human behavior in terms of biological processes, including genetics and brain chemistry.
What is a sampling bias?
A sampling bias occurs when the sample selected for a study is not representative of the larger population
How do researchers ensure the reliability of their experiments?
Researchers ensure reliability through consistent procedures, repetition of studies, and using standardized measures.
Explain the phrase: Correlation does not equal causation.
If two things are related they are NOT necessarily causing each other.