Memory
If a person has a specific memory of what they did during breakfast, what type of memory is that?
Episodic memory
A short answer test is an example of what kind of memory test?
Cued recall
Even if Harlow's monkeys were given nutrition, emotional development could not occur without ____
Comfort/attachment
If a child grows up to be rebellious and not conform to rules or regulations, what was likely their parents' style of parenting?
Authoritarian
Over time, a child needs less support and interactions with MKOs. What is this process of detachment or less reliance called?
Scaffolding
Why was Clive Waring able to remember his wife despite his two different types of amnesia?
His amygdala was still intact, despite the damage to his hippocampus, so he could remember emotional memories.
Why are humans able to understand speech/voices fluidly?
Information from each part is connected into a fluid string of speech (takes in first part --> not decayed --> takes in next word = all connected)
When a mother abruptly leaves their playing baby, they start to cry. Upon the mother's return and comfort, the baby continues to cry and begins yelling and throwing a tantrum. What kind of attachment style would Mary Ainsworth say this baby has to their mother?
Growing up, a child and their parent have open communication about rules and boundaries. They are somewhat flexible based on both the child and parent's emotions, and the parents expect some obedience, but the boundaries will change as the child matures. What kind of parenting style would Baumrind say this is?
Authoritative parenting
According to Kohlberg, if you believe that Heinz should steal the drug and accept the outcome of his decision, what level of moral development are you in?
Level 2: Conventional Morality
A student uses concept maps to study for an exam. What level of processing/retention are they in, according to Craik & Lockhart?
If someone did not have an amygdala, what kind of memories would they have trouble creating?
fears, flash bulb memories, emotion-driven memories
What will the "R" and "S" sounds sound like to a baby that is 10 months old and grew up learning Japanese?
They will sound the same: at about 12 months, these will start to no longer be separated (dependent on culture)
According to Piagetian theory, what is it called when a baby's old schema (mental processes) adapt and evolve to become more complex?
Accomodation
What are some reasons that pre-teens go through identity explorations physically and emotionally during Erikson's 5th stage, Identity vs Role Confusion?
Their hormones and bodies are changing due to puberty, there are increased social/peer pressures, and parents are no longer driving development.
Person 1 studies in a loud coffee shop and takes the test in a silent room. Person 2 is a bit stressed while studying and stressed while taking the test. Who will probably do better on the exam and what phenomenon accounts for this?
Person 2 will probably perform better due to encoding specificity
A woman watches a show in another language for fun and picks a lot of it up over time. What type of learning is this?
Incidental learning
A baby has a low amount of Growth Factor II in utero. When growing up, they have an environment enriched with toys, interaction, and play. What will happen to their amount of anxiety and their amount of Growth Factor II?
Despite their low levels of the hormone in utero, after birth the levels of Growth Factor II will increase due to their enriched environment, and anxiety will decrease or become less likely.
If a child is unable to "pass" Piaget's test, where might they put a third eye and what stage would they have not yet completed?
A fail to the test would be placing the third eye on the front of your face or the back of your head instead of a hand or a foot. This understanding develops in the fourth stage, the formal operations stage.
Baillargeon believed that babies understood the laws of physics. What did he do to come to this conclusion?
After habituation, he performed a possible and impossible test for the baby. The impossible test went against the laws of physics, and the babies looking times were a lot longer compared to those for the possible test.
What are some reasons that shallow encoding occurs?
Short attention span, lack of attentiveness
What kind of memory does each part of the brain account for due to equipotentiality? (3/5)
Prefrontal cortex: working memory
Temporal lobe: declarative memory
Amygdala: fear learning/emotional memory
Hippocampus: spatial and working memory
Cerebellum: motor action learning and muscle memory
Match the reaction of the baby/toddler to the "cliff" based on their level of locomotor development and depth perception (1. babies who just learned to crawl, 2. babies who have crawled for a while, 3. babies who just learned to walk, and 4. babies who have walked for a while).
1. crawl down cliff face first (no depth perception)
2. crawl down cliff backwards (depth perception)
3. walk down without hesitation (has not relearned depth perception
4. walk down strategically based on steepness of cliff
What is the theory of mind and during which of Piaget's four stages does this theory occur/develop in the child?
The theory of mind is the understanding that everyone's life is different from your own. It occurs during the pre-operational stage (stage 2, 2-7 years).
A person has recently had children that they are parenting everyday. However, they have problems feeling good enough to complete tasks alone and often quit due to lack of self confidence. Which of Erikson's stages are they in and which stage did they not overcome the conflict in?
They are in the Generativity vs Stagnation stage (stage 7), but they never overcame the conflict in the Industry vs Inferiority stage (stage 4).